Abantu bavame ukucabanga lokhoivalvuyensimbi engagqwali futhi ngeke igqwale. Uma kwenzeka, kungaba yinkinga ngensimbi. Lokhu kuwumbono ongalungile ohlangothini olulodwa mayelana nokungaqondi insimbi engagqwali, okungagqwala ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
Insimbi engagqwali inamandla okumelana nokushiswa komoya—okungukuthi, ukumelana nokugqwala, futhi inekhono lokugqwala ezindaweni eziqukethe ama-acid, ama-alkali, nosawoti—okungukuthi, ukumelana nokugqwala. Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu bekhono layo lokulwa nokugqwala buyashintshwa ngokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwensimbi yayo uqobo, isimo sokuvikelwa, izimo zokusetshenziswa kanye nohlobo lwemidiya yezemvelo.
Insimbi engagqwali ivame ukuhlukaniswa kanje:
Ngokuvamile, ngokwesakhiwo se-metallographic, insimbi engagqwali evamile ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu: insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, insimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic, kanye nensimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic. Ngokusekelwe kulezi zakhiwo ezintathu eziyisisekelo ze-metallographic, ngezidingo nezinjongo ezithile, kutholakala izinsimbi zesigaba esiphindwe kabili, izinsimbi ezingagqwali eziqinisa imvula kanye nezinsimbi ezine-alloy ephezulu ezinokuqukethwe kwensimbi okungaphansi kwama-50%.
1. Insimbi engagqwali yase-Austenitic.
I-matrix ibuswa yisakhiwo se-austenite (isigaba se-CY) sesakhiwo sekristalu esinobuso obugxile ku-cubic, esingeyona i-magnetic, futhi siqiniswa kakhulu ukusebenza okubandayo (futhi kungaholela ezimpawini ezithile ze-magnetic) insimbi engagqwali. I-American Iron and Steel Institute ibizwa ngezinombolo ochungechungeni lwama-200 nolwama-300, njengo-304.
2. Insimbi engagqwali ye-Ferritic.
I-matrix iyi ibuswa yisakhiwo se-ferrite ((isigaba) sesakhiwo se-cubic crystal esigxile emzimbeni, esinobuthi futhi ngokuvamile asinakuqiniswa ngokwelashwa kokushisa, kodwa singaqiniswa kancane ngokusebenza okubandayo. I-American Iron and Steel Institute iphawulwe ngo-430 no-446.
3. Insimbi engagqwali ye-Martensitic.
I-matrix iyisakhiwo se-martensitic (i-cubic noma i-cubic egxile emzimbeni), i-magnetic, futhi izakhiwo zayo zemishini zingalungiswa ngokwelashwa kokushisa. I-American Iron and Steel Institute ibizwa ngezinombolo ezingu-410, 420 kanye no-440. I-Martensite inesakhiwo se-austenite ekushiseni okuphezulu, futhi uma ipholiswe ekushiseni kwegumbi ngesivinini esifanele, isakhiwo se-austenite singaguqulwa sibe yi-martensite (okungukuthi, siqiniswe).
4. Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic-ferritic (duplex).
I-matrix inesakhiwo se-austenite ne-ferrite esinezigaba ezimbili, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-matrix enezigaba ezincane ngokuvamile kungaphezu kuka-15%. Inamandla kazibuthe futhi ingaqiniswa ngokusebenza okubandayo. I-329 iyinsimbi engagqwali ejwayelekile ye-duplex. Uma iqhathaniswa nensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, insimbi enezigaba ezimbili inamandla aphezulu, futhi ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-intergranular kanye nokugqwala kwe-chloride stress kanye nokugqwala kwe-pitting kuthuthuke kakhulu.
5. Insimbi engagqwali eqinisa imvula.
I-matrix iyisakhiwo se-austenite noma se-martensitic futhi ingaqiniswa ngokuqina kwemvula. I-American Iron and Steel Institute imakwe ngenombolo yochungechunge engu-600, njengo-630, okungu-17-4PH.
Ngokuvamile, ngaphezu kwama-alloy, ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic kuhle kakhulu. Endaweni engagqwali kakhulu, insimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic ingasetshenziswa. Endaweni engagqwali kancane, uma impahla idingeka ukuthi ibe namandla noma ubulukhuni obuphezulu, insimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic kanye nensimbi engagqwali eqinisa imvula ingasetshenziswa.
Izakhiwo zensimbi engagqwali ezivamile kanye nezakhiwo
01 304 Insimbi Engagqwali
Ingenye yezinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-austenitic ezisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ezisetshenziswa kabanzi. Ifaneleka ekwenziweni kwezingxenye ezidonswe ngokujulile kanye namapayipi e-asidi, izitsha, izingxenye zesakhiwo, imizimba ehlukahlukene yamathuluzi, njll. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ekwenziweni kwemishini engeyona ene-magnetic, enezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nengxenye.
Insimbi Engagqwali engu-02 304L
Ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic e-austenitic ephansi kakhulu eyenziwe ngenxa yokuna kwe-Cr23C6 okubangela ukuthambekela okukhulu kokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali engu-304 ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kwe-granular yesimo esibucayi kungcono kakhulu kunokwensimbi engagqwali engu-304. Ngaphandle kwamandla aphansi kancane, ezinye izakhiwo zifana nensimbi engagqwali engu-321. Isetshenziswa kakhulu imishini nezingxenye ezingagqwali ezingakwazi ukwelashwa ngesisombululo ngemva kokushisela, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza imizimba ehlukahlukene yamathuluzi.
03 304H Insimbi Engagqwali
Igatsha langaphakathi lensimbi engagqwali engu-304 linengxenye yesisindo sekhabhoni engu-0.04%-0.10%, futhi ukusebenza kwalo kokushisa okuphezulu kungcono kunokwensimbi engagqwali engu-304.
04 316 Insimbi Engagqwali
Ukwengeza i-molybdenum ngesisekelo sensimbi engu-10Cr18Ni12 kwenza insimbi ibe nokumelana okuhle ekunciphiseni ukugqwala okuphakathi nendawo kanye nokugqwala. Emanzini olwandle nakwezinye izinto ezahlukahlukene, ukumelana nokugqwala kungcono kunensimbi engagqwali engu-304, esetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni ezingagqwali.
05 316L Insimbi Engagqwali
Insimbi yekhabhoni ephansi kakhulu inokumelana okuhle nokugqwala okuzwelayo phakathi kwe-granular futhi ifaneleka ekwakhiweni kwezingxenye ezihlanganisiwe kanye nemishini enobukhulu obukhulu besigaba, njengezinto ezingamelana nokugqwala emishinini ye-petrochemical.
06 316H Insimbi Engagqwali
Igatsha langaphakathi lensimbi engagqwali engu-316 linengxenye yesisindo sekhabhoni engu-0.04%-0.10%, futhi ukusebenza kwalo kokushisa okuphezulu kungcono kunokwensimbi engagqwali engu-316.
07 317 Insimbi Engagqwali
Ukumelana nokugqwala okubangelwa yimigodi kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kungcono kunensimbi engagqwali engu-316L, esetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwemishini elwa nokugqwala nge-petrochemical kanye ne-organic acid.
08 321 Insimbi Engagqwali
Insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic eqiniswe yi-titanium, enezela i-titanium ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala phakathi kwe-granular, futhi inezakhiwo ezinhle zomshini zokushisa okuphezulu, ingathathelwa indawo yinsimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic e-carbon ephansi kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwemicimbi ekhethekile njengokumelana nokugqwala kokushisa okuphezulu noma i-hydrogen, ngokuvamile ayinconywa ukuthi isetshenziswe.
09 347 Insimbi Engagqwali
Insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic eqiniswe yi-niobium, enezela i-niobium ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-intergranular, ukumelana nokugqwala kwi-asidi, i-alkali, usawoti kanye nezinye izinto ezigqwalisayo kufana nensimbi engagqwali engu-321, ukusebenza kahle kokushisela, kungasetshenziswa njengezinto ezingagqwali kanye nokulwa nokugqwala Insimbi eshisayo isetshenziswa kakhulu emasimini wamandla okushisa kanye ne-petrochemical, njengokwenza izitsha, amapayipi, ama-heat exchanger, imiphini, amashubhu esithando ezithandweni zezimboni, kanye nama-thermometer eshubhu lesithando.
Insimbi Engagqwali engu-10 904L
Insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic ephelele kakhulu uhlobo lwensimbi engagqwali ye-super austenitic eyasungulwa yi-OUTOKUMPU eFinland. , Inokumelana okuhle kokugqwala kuma-asidi anga-oxidizing njenge-sulfuric acid, i-acetic acid, i-formic acid kanye ne-phosphoric acid, futhi inokumelana okuhle nokugqwala okuqhekekile kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kokucindezeleka. Ifanele amazinga ahlukahlukene e-sulfuric acid angaphansi kwama-70°C, futhi inokumelana okuhle kokugqwala ku-acetic acid kanye ne-acid exubile ye-formic acid kanye ne-acetic acid kunoma yikuphi ukuhlushwa kanye nokushisa ngaphansi kwengcindezi evamile.
Insimbi engagqwali engu-11 440C
Insimbi engagqwali ye-Martensitic inobulukhuni obukhulu kakhulu phakathi kwezinsimbi ezingagqwali eziqina kanye nezinsimbi ezingagqwali, enobulukhuni obungu-HRC57. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza ama-nozzle, ama-bearings,uvemvaneivalvu ama-cores,uvemvaneivalvu izihlalo, imikhono,ivalvu iziqu, njll.
Insimbi engagqwali engu-12 engu-17-4PH
Insimbi engagqwali eqinisa imvula ye-Martensitic enobulukhuni be-HRC44 inamandla aphezulu, ubulukhuni kanye nokumelana nokugqwala futhi ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwama-300°C. Inokumelana okuhle nokugqwala emoyeni kanye ne-asidi noma usawoti oncibilikisiwe. Ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kufana nokwensimbi engagqwali engu-304 kanye nensimbi engagqwali engu-430. Isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amapulatifomu asogwini, ama-turbine blades,uvemvaneivalvu (ama-valve cores, izihlalo zama-valve, imikhono, iziqu zama-valve) wi-ait.
In ivalvu ukuklama nokukhetha, izinhlelo ezahlukene, uchungechunge, kanye namazinga ensimbi engagqwali kuvame ukuhlangana nawo. Lapho ukhetha, inkinga kufanele icatshangelwe ngezindlela eziningi ezifana nenqubo ethile ephakathi, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, izingxenye ezicindezelekile, ukugqwala, kanye nezindleko.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-20-2022
