Ngokuvamile abantu bacabanga lokhoi-valveyensimbi engagqwali futhi ngeke ukugqwala. Uma kwenzeka, kungase kube inkinga ngensimbi. Lona umbono oyiphutha ohlangothini olulodwa mayelana nokuntula ukuqonda kwensimbi engagqwali, engagqwala ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
Insimbi engagqwali inamandla okumelana ne-oxidation yasemkhathini-okungukuthi, ukumelana nokugqwala, futhi inamandla okugqwala emithonjeni yezindaba equkethe ama-asidi, ama-alkali, nosawoti.-okungukuthi, ukumelana nokugqwala. Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu bekhono layo lokulwa nokugqwala buyashintshwa ngokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali ensimbi yayo ngokwayo, isimo sokuvikela, izimo zokusetshenziswa kanye nohlobo lwemithombo yezemvelo.
Insimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe yaba:
Ngokuvamile, ngokwesakhiwo se-metallographic, insimbi engagqwali evamile ihlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu: i-austenitic stainless steel, i-ferritic stainless steel, ne-martensitic stainless steel. Ngokwesisekelo salezi zakhiwo ezintathu eziyisisekelo ze-metallographic, ngezidingo nezinjongo ezithile, izinsimbi zesigaba esikabili, izinsimbi ezingenasici eziqinisa imvula nezinsimbi eziphezulu ze-alloy ezinensimbi engaphansi kuka-50% zitholwa.
1. Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic.
I-matrix ibuswa yisakhiwo se-austenite (isigaba se-CY) sesakhiwo sekristalu eyi-cubic egxile ebusweni, engeyona-magnetic, futhi iqiniswa ikakhulukazi ukusebenza okubandayo (futhi ingase iholele ezintweni ezithile kazibuthe) insimbi engagqwali. I-American Iron and Steel Institute iqokwe ngezinombolo ochungechungeni lwama-200 no-300, njenge-304.
2. Ferritic insimbi engagqwali.
I-matrix i ukubuswa isakhiwo se-ferrite ((isigaba) sesakhiwo sekristalu eyi-cubic crystal egxile emzimbeni, enozibuthe futhi ngokuvamile ayikwazi ukwenziwa lukhuni ukwelapha ukushisa, kodwa ingaqiniswa kancane ukusebenza okubandayo. I-American Iron and Steel Institute imakwe ngo-430 futhi 446.
3. Insimbi engagqwali ye-Martensitic.
I-matrix iyisakhiwo se-martensitic (i-cubic egxile emzimbeni noma i-cubic), kazibuthe, futhi izakhiwo zayo zemishini zingalungiswa ngokwelashwa kokushisa. I-American Iron and Steel Institute iqokwe izinombolo 410, 420 kanye ne-440. I-Martensite inesakhiwo se-austenite ekushiseni okuphezulu, futhi lapho ipholile ekamelweni lokushisa ngesilinganiso esifanele, isakhiwo se-austenite singashintshwa sibe yi-martensite (okungukuthi, lukhuni) .
4. I-Austenitic-ferritic (duplex) insimbi engagqwali.
I-matrix inokubili ukwakheka kwezigaba ezimbili ze-austenite ne-ferrite, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-matrix yesigaba esincane ngokuvamile kungaphezu kuka-15%. Inguzibuthe futhi ingaqiniswa ukusebenza okubandayo. I-329 iyinsimbi engagqwali eyiduplex ejwayelekile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, insimbi enezigaba ezimbili inamandla amakhulu, futhi ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-intergranular kanye nokugqwala kokucindezeleka kwe-chloride kanye nokugqwala kwe-pitting kuthuthukiswa kakhulu.
5. Izulu liqinisa insimbi engagqwali.
I-matrix iyisakhiwo se-austenite noma se-martensitic futhi singaqiniswa ngokuqiniswa kwemvula. I-American Iron and Steel Institute imakwe ngenombolo yochungechunge engama-600, njenge-630, engu-17-4PH.
Ngokuvamile, ngaphezu kwama-alloys, ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic kuhle kakhulu. Endaweni engagqwali kangako, kungasetshenziswa insimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic. Endaweni eyonaka kalula, uma impahla idingeka ukuthi ibe phezulu Ngamandla noma ubulukhuni obukhulu, insimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic kanye nemvula eqinisa insimbi engagqwali ingasetshenziswa.
Amamaki ensimbi engagqwali ajwayelekile kanye nezakhiwo
01 304 Insimbi Engagqwali
Ingenye yezinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic ezisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ezisetshenziswa kabanzi. Ilungele ukwakhiwa kwezingxenye ezidonswe ngokujulile namapayipi e-asidi, iziqukathi, izingxenye zesakhiwo, imizimba yamathuluzi ahlukahlukene, njll. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ukwenza izinto zokusebenza ezingezona uzibuthe, izinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nengxenye.
02 304L Insimbi Engagqwali
Ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga ye-ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless steel ethuthukisiwe ngenxa yemvula ye-Cr23C6 ebangela ukugqwala okukhulu kwe-intergranular yensimbi engagqwali engu-304 ngaphansi kwezinye izimo, ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kwe-intergranular kungcono kakhulu kunokwensimbi engagqwali engu-304. Ngaphandle kwamandla aphansi kancane, ezinye izakhiwo ziyafana nensimbi engagqwali engu-321. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi okokusebenza okumelana nokugqwala kanye nezingxenye ezingakwazi ukuphathwa ngesixazululo ngemva kokushisela, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukwenza imizimba yezinsimbi ehlukahlukene.
03 304H Insimbi Engagqwali
Igatsha langaphakathi le-304 insimbi engagqwali inengxenye ye-carbon mass engu-0.04% -0.10%, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kungcono kunaleyo ye-304 yensimbi engagqwali.
04 316 Insimbi Engagqwali
Ukwengeza i-molybdenum ngesisekelo sensimbi engu-10Cr18Ni12 kwenza insimbi ibe nokumelana okuhle nokunciphisa ukugqwala okuphakathi nendawo. Emanzini olwandle nakweminye imidiya ehlukahlukene, ukumelana nokugqwala kungcono kunensimbi engagqwali engama-304, esetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izinto ezingangeni emgodini.
05 316L Insimbi Engagqwali
I-Ultra-low carbon steel inokumelana kahle nokugqwala kwe-intergranular okuzwela futhi ifanele ukwenziwa kwezingxenye ezishiselwe kanye nezinto zokusebenza ezinobukhulu bezingxenye eziwugqinsi, njengezinto ezimelana nokugqwala emishinini ye-petrochemical.
06 316H Insimbi Engagqwali
Igatsha langaphakathi le-316 insimbi engagqwali inengxenye ye-carbon mass engu-0.04% -0.10%, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kokushisa okuphezulu kungcono kunokwensimbi engagqwali engu-316.
07 317 Insimbi Engagqwali
Ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-pitting kanye nokumelana nokukhasa kungcono kune-316L yensimbi engagqwali, esetshenziswa ekwenzeni i-petrochemical and organic acid resistant corrosion equipment.
08 321 Insimbi Engagqwali
I-Titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel, ingeza i-titanium ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-intergranular, futhi inezici ezinhle zomshini zezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ingathathelwa indawo yi-ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless steel. Ngaphandle kwezikhathi ezikhethekile ezifana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma ukumelana ne-hydrogen corrosion, ngokuvamile ayinconyelwe ukusetshenziswa.
09 347 Insimbi Engagqwali
I-Niobium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel, enezela i-niobium ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-intergranular, ukumelana nokugqwala ku-asidi, i-alkali, usawoti kanye neminye imidiya egqwalayo kuyafana nensimbi engagqwali engu-321, ukusebenza kahle kwe-welding, ingasetshenziswa njengezinto ezimelana nokugqwala kanye ne-anti. -ukugqwala Insimbi eshisayo isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi emandleni ashisayo nasezindaweni ze-petrochemical, njengokwenza iziqukathi, amapayipi, izishintshi zokushisa, ama-shafts, amashubhu omlilo ezithandweni zezimboni, nama-thermometers eshubhu lomlilo.
10 904L Insimbi Engagqwali
I-Super complete austenitic stainless steel iwuhlobo lwensimbi engagqwali eyi-austenitic eyasungulwa yi-OUTOKUMPU e-Finland. , Inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kuma-asidi anga-oxidizing njenge-sulfuric acid, i-acetic acid, i-formic acid ne-phosphoric acid, futhi inokumelana kahle nokugqwala kwe-crevice kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwengcindezi. Ilungele ukugxila okuhlukahlukene kwe-sulfuric acid ngaphansi kwama-70°C, futhi inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle ku-acetic acid kanye ne-asidi exubile ye-formic acid ne-acetic acid kunoma yikuphi ukugxila kanye nezinga lokushisa ngaphansi kwengcindezi evamile.
11 440C insimbi engagqwali
Insimbi engagqwali ye-Martensitic inokuqina okuphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwezinsimbi ezingenasici nezinsimbi ezingenasici, ezinobulukhuni be-HRC57. Ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-nozzles, ama-bearings,uvemvanei-valve ama-cores,uvemvanei-valve izihlalo, imikhono,i-valve iziqu, njll.
12 17-4PH insimbi engagqwali
Imvula ye-Martensitic eyenza lukhuni insimbi engagqwali ngobulukhuni be-HRC44 inamandla aphezulu, ubulukhuni nokumelana nokugqwala futhi ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-300.°C. Inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle emkhathini kanye ne-asidi ehlanjululwe noma usawoti. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo kuyafana nalokho kwensimbi engagqwali engama-304 kanye nensimbi engagqwali engama-430. Isetshenziselwa ukwenza amapulatifomu angaphesheya kwezilwandle, ama-turbine blades,uvemvanei-valve (ama-valve cores, izihlalo zamavalvu, imikhono, iziqu zevalvu) wayi.
In i-valve ukuklama nokukhethwa, amasistimu ahlukahlukene, uchungechunge, kanye namabanga ensimbi engagqwali kuvame ukuhlangana. Lapho ukhetha, inkinga kufanele ibhekwe emibonweni eminingi efana nenqubo ethile, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, izingxenye ezigcizelelwe, ukugqwala, kanye nezindleko.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-20-2022
