Abantu bavame ukucabanga lokhoI-valveyensimbi engenasici futhi ngeke yini ukugqwala. Uma kwenzeka, kungaba yinkinga ngensimbi. Lona umbono ongelona owayeseceleni elilodwa ngokuntuleka kokuqonda kwensimbi engenasici, okungagqwala ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
Insimbi engenasici inamandla okumelana no-oxidation asemkhathini-okungukuthi, ukumelana nokugqwala, futhi kunamandla okukona kwabezindaba aqukethe ama-acid, alkalis kanye nosawoti-okungukuthi, ukumelana nokugqwala. Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu bekhono layo lokulwa nokugqwala buguqulwa ngokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwensimbi yalo uqobo, isimo sokuvikelwa, izimo zokusebenzisa kanye nohlobo lwezemidiya yezemvelo.
Insimbi engenacala imvamisa ihlukaniswe:
Imvamisa, ngokuya ngesakhiwo se-metallographic, insimbi evamile engenacala ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu: insimbi engagqwali, insimbi engenacala, insimbi engenacala, nensimbi engenacala. Ngokwesisekelo salezi zinhlaka ezintathu ze-metallographic eziyisisekelo, ngezidingo ezithile kanye nezinhloso ezimbili, ama-steel-tual-steel, ukuqinisa insimbi engenasici kanye nama-all-alloy aqukethe okuqukethwe kwensimbi engaphansi kwama-50% athathwe.
1. Insimbi ye-auntenitic engenacala.
I-matrix ilawulwa yisakhiwo se-aucenite (isigaba se-cy isigaba se-cubic crystal isakhiwo, okungeyona eyezibuthe, futhi iqiniswa ikakhulukazi ukusebenza kwamakhaza (futhi kungaholela kwizakhiwo ezithile zobunzima) insimbi engagqwali. I-American Iron ne-Institute yensimbi ichazwe ngezinombolo ochungechungeni lwama-200 no-300, njenge-304.
2. Insimbi engenacala.
I-matrix iyi Iphethwe yisakhiwo se-Ferrite ((isigaba) sesakhiwo se-cubic crystal sakhiwo esigxile emzimbeni, okuyi-magnetic futhi ngokuvamile asikwazi ukwenziwa lukhuni ngokwelashwa okushisa, kepha kungaqiniswa kancane ngokusebenza okubandayo.
3. Insimbi engenacala.
I-matrix yisakhiwo somfernsitic (i-cubic egxile emzimbeni noma i-cubic), uMagnetic, futhi izakhiwo zayo zemishini zingalungiswa ngokwelashwa kokushisa. I-American Iron ne-Instrute Institute eqokwe yiNumeri 410, 420 no-440. I-Martensite inesakhiwo se-Auucen ngamazinga aphezulu, futhi uma selipholile ekushiseni kwegumbi elifanele, i-Autenite yesakhiwo ingaguqulwa ibe ngumfemuti (ie, lukhuni).
4. I-Aucenitic-Ferritic (Duplex) insimbi engenacala.
I-matrix inesakhiwo se-Auucenite kanye ne-Ferrite esihlathini ezimbili, kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-matrix yesigaba esincane ngokuvamile kukhulu kune-15%. Kuyinto kazibuthe futhi kungaqiniswa ukusebenza kubanda. I-329 iyinsimbi ejwayelekile engenacala. Uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi engenacala, insimbi yesigaba esimbili inamandla aphezulu, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kokuqina kanye nokugqwala kwe-chloride ukucindezela kanye nokugcwala okukhohlisayo kwenziwa ngcono kakhulu.
I-5. Imvula yensimbi yensimbi engenacala.
I-matrix yisakhiwo se-autenite noma i-martensitic futhi ingaqiniswa ngokuqina kwezulu. I-American Iron and Steel Isikhungo simakwe ngenombolo yochungechunge engu-600, njenge-630, okuyi-17-4ph.
Ngokuvamile, ngaphezu kwama-alloys, ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi ye-auntenitic engagqwali kungcono kakhulu. Emvelweni engaphansi kwe-contosive, insimbi engenasici engabi nalutho ingasetshenziswa. Esimweni esinamandla esinamandla, uma lokho okudingekayo ukuze kube namandla noma ubulukhuni obuphezulu, insimbi engenacala kanye nensimbi eqinile yensimbi engagqwali ingasetshenziswa.
Amabanga ajwayelekile ensimbi engenasici
01 304 Insimbi Engagqwali
Ingenye yezinsimbi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ezisetshenziswa kabanzi ze-autenitic stainless. Ilungele ukwenziwa kwezingxenye ezidonswe ngokujulile kanye namapayipi e-acid, iziqukathi, iziqu zezakhiwo, izidumbu ezahlukahlukene zensimbi, njll. Kungasetshenziswa futhi ukukhiqiza imishini engeyona eyezibuthe, ephansi yokushisa nengxenye.
02 304l insimbi engagqwali
Ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yensimbi ephansi ye-carbon auntenitic yensimbi engenasici ngenxa yemvula ye-CR23C6 ebangela ukuthambekela kokugqwayiza okubucayi okungama-304 insimbi yokugqwala okuthe xaxa kungcono kakhulu kunaleyo yensimbi engama-304 engagqwali. Ngaphandle kwamandla aphansi kancane, ezinye izakhiwo ziyefana nensimbi engama-321 engagqwali. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi imishini yokulwa nokugqwala kanye nezakhi ezingeke zibe ngaphansi kokwelashwa kwesisombululo ngemuva kokushiswa, futhi zingasetshenziswa ukwenza imizimba ehlukahlukene yensimbi.
03 304H insimbi engagqwali
Igatsha langaphakathi lensimbi engaphakathi linengxenye ye-carbon masten of 0,04% -0.10%, futhi ukusebenza kwalo okushisa okuphezulu kungcono kunaleso sensimbi engama-304 engagqwali.
04 316 Insimbi Engagqwali
Ukungeza i-molybdenum ngesisekelo se-10cr18ni12 yensimbi yenza insimbi yenza ukuthi insimbi ibe nokumelana kahle nokwehlisa ukuncipha okuphakathi nokukhonkotha. Emanzi olwandle nakweminye imithombo yezindaba ehlukahlukene, ukumelana nokugqwala kungcono kunensimbi engama-304 engenasici, ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa izinto ezingavikeli phansi.
05 316l insimbi engagqwali
I-Ultra-ephansi ye-carbon ine-ukumelana kahle nokuzwelana okuhlangene futhi ilungele ukwenziwa kwezingxenye zezinsimbi nemishini enobukhulu besigaba obukhulu, njengezinto zokulwa nokungamelana nokugqwala emishini ye-petrochemical.
06 316h insimbi engagqwali
Igatsha langaphakathi lensimbi engaphakathi linengxenye ye-carbon mass of 0.04% -0.10%, futhi ukusebenza kwalo okushisa okuphezulu kungcono kunaleso sensimbi engama-316.
07 317 Insimbi Engagqwali
Ukumelana nokugqwala okukhonkotha nokumelana nokumelana nokuphikisana kwensimbi engama-316l, esetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwemishini yokumelana ne-petrochemical ne-organic acid corrosion.
08 321 Insimbi Engagqwali
Insimbi ye-titanium-izinzile ye-auntenitic engagqwali, ukungeza titanium ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokwehla kwezingalo, futhi inezindawo ezinhle zokushisa eziphakeme, zingathathelwa indawo ngensimbi ephansi ye-carbon auntenitic. Ngaphandle kwezikhathi ezikhethekile ezinjengokumelana okuphezulu kakhulu noma ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-hydrogen, ngokuvamile akunconywa ukusetshenziswa.
09 347 Insimbi Engagqwali
Insimbi ye-niobium-zizinze i-auntenitic yensimbi engenacala, ukungeza i-niobium ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-acid, i-alkali, ukusebenza kahle kwensimbi, kungasetshenziswa njengensimbi yokulwa nokuwohloka, kungasetshenziswa imikhakha eshisayo ye-cororrosion, kungasetshenziswa kakhulu emasimini angenacala, njengokukwenza iziqukathi, Amapayipi, abashiseki bokushisa, imisele, amashubhu omthwalo wezimboni zezimboni, kanye nezinto zomlilo tube Thermometer.
10 904l insimbi engagqwali
Insimbi ephelele ephelele ye-auntenitic yensimbi iluhlobo lwensimbi ephakeme ye-auntenitic esungulwe ngu-Otolumpu eFinland. , Inokuphikiswa okuhle kokugqwala kuma-acid angewona oxyuric acid, i-acetic acid, i-formic acid ne-phosphoric acid, futhi inokumelana kahle nokuphikiswa kwe-crevice nokuphikiswa kwengcindezelo. Ilungele ukugxila okuhlukahlukene kwe-sulfuric acid ngaphansi kwama-70°C, futhi unokumelana kahle kokugqwala nge-acetic acid kanye ne-acid exubile ye-formic acid ne-acetic acid kunoma yikuphi ukugxila nokushisa ngaphansi kwengcindezi ejwayelekile.
11 440c insimbi engagqwali
Insimbi engenacala ngokugqwala inobunzima obukhulu phakathi kwensimbi engenazinkinga eziqinile nama-stainless steres, ngobulukhuni be-HRC57. Ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-nozzles, ama-bearings,uvemvaneisivalwana Cores,uvemvaneisivalwana izihlalo, imikhono,isivalwana iziqu, njll.
12-4ph Insimbi Engagqwali
I-Martensitic Precistation iqinisa insimbi engenacala ngobulukhuni bakwa-HRC44 inamandla aphezulu, ukuqina nokuphikiswa kokugqwala futhi ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa angenhla kwamazinga okushisa angama-300°C. Inokumelana kahle nokonakala komkhathi futhi kuxutshwe i-acid noma usawoti. Ukumelana kwalo kokugqwala kuyafana nalokho kwensimbi engama-304 engenasici kanye nensimbi engu-430 engenacala. Isetshenziselwa ukwenza amapulatifomu aphesheya kwezilwandle, ama-turbine blade,uvemvaneisivalwana (ama-valve cores, izihlalo ze-valve, imikhono, iziqu ze-valve) wait.
In isivalwana Design and Ukukhetha, izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene, uchungechunge, kanye namamaki ensimbi engagqwali kuvame ukuhlangana. Lapho ukhetha, inkinga kufanele icatshangwe ngemibono eminingi efana nenqubo ethile ephakathi nendawo, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, izingxenye ezicindezelekile, ukugqwala, nezindleko.
Isikhathi sePosi: Jul-20-2022
