Njengebhizinisi lokulawula ukungcola, umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu wesitshalo sokuhlanza indle ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukungcola kuyahlangabezana nezindinganiso. Kodwa-ke, ngezindinganiso zokukhipha indle eziqinile kanye nobudlova babahloli bokuvikela imvelo, kuye kwaletha ingcindezi enkulu yokusebenza kwesitshalo sokuhlanza indle. Kuya kuba nzima kakhulu ukukhipha amanzi.
Ngokusho kombhali, imbangela eqondile yobunzima bokufinyelela izinga lokukhishwa kwamanzi ukuthi ngokuvamile kunezindilinga ezintathu ezimbi eziteshini zendle zezwe lakithi.
Esokuqala yi-vicious circle yomsebenzi ophansi wodaka (i-MLVSS/MLSS) kanye nokugcwala kodaka okuphezulu; okwesibili yi-vicious circle lapho inani elikhulu lamakhemikhali okususa i-phosphorus asetshenziswayo lisetshenziswa, kulapho kuphuma khona udaka oluningi; okwesithathu yisitshalo sokwelapha indle isikhathi eside esisebenza ngokweqile, imishini ayikwazi ukulungiswa kabusha, isebenza ngezifo unyaka wonke, okuholela ku-vicious circle yokunciphisa umthamo wokwelapha indle.
#1
Umjikelezo omubi womsebenzi ophansi wodaka kanye nokugcwala kodaka okuphezulu
USolwazi Wang Hongchen wenze ucwaningo ezitshalweni zendle ezingu-467. Ake sibheke idatha yomsebenzi wodaka kanye nokugcwala kodaka: Phakathi kwalezi zitshalo zendle ezingu-467, u-61% wezitshalo zokuhlanza indle zine-MLVSS/MLSS engaphansi kuka-0.5, cishe u-30% wezitshalo zokuhlanza zine-MLVSS/MLSS engaphansi kuka-0.4.
Isilinganiso sodaka lwe-2/3 yezitshalo zokuhlanza indle sidlula u-4000 mg/L, isilinganiso sodaka lwe-1/3 yezitshalo zokuhlanza indle sidlula u-6000 mg/L, kanti isilinganiso sodaka lwezitshalo zokuhlanza indle ezingu-20 sidlula u-10000 mg/L.
Iyini imiphumela yalezi zimo ezingenhla (umsebenzi ophansi wodaka, ukugcwala kodaka okuphezulu)? Nakuba sibone izihloko eziningi zobuchwepheshe ezihlaziya iqiniso, kodwa ngamazwi alula, kunomphumela owodwa, okungukuthi, ukuphuma kwamanzi kudlula izinga.
Lokhu kungachazwa ngezici ezimbili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngemva kokuba ukugcwala kodaka sekuphezulu, ukuze kugwenywe ukubekwa kodaka, kuyadingeka ukwandisa umoya. Ukwandisa inani lomoya ngeke nje kwandise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kodwa futhi kuzokhulisa nesigaba sezinto eziphilayo. Ukwanda komoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe kuzothatha umthombo wekhabhoni odingekayo ukuze kuncishiswe umoya, okuzothinta ngqo umphumela wokususwa komoya-mpilo kanye ne-phosphorus ohlelweni lwezinto eziphilayo, okuholela ku-N kanye ne-P eningi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukugcwala okukhulu kodaka kwenza indawo yokuxhumana namanzi odaka ikhuphuke, futhi udaka lulahleka kalula ngokungcola kwethangi lesibili lokusaphaza, okuzovimba iyunithi yokwelapha ethuthukisiwe noma kubangele ukuthi i-COD kanye ne-SS yokungcola kudlule izinga elijwayelekile.
Ngemva kokukhuluma ngemiphumela, ake sixoxe ngokuthi kungani izikhungo eziningi zokulahla indle zinenkinga yokusebenza kodaka oluphansi kanye nokugcwala kodaka oluphezulu.
Eqinisweni, isizathu sokugcwala okukhulu kodaka umsebenzi wodaka ophansi. Ngenxa yokuthi umsebenzi wodaka uphansi, ukuze kuthuthukiswe umphumela wokwelapha, ukugcwala kodaka kufanele kwandiswe. Umsebenzi wodaka ophansi ubangelwa ukuthi amanzi angenayo aqukethe inani elikhulu lesihlabathi se-slag, esingena eyunithi yokwelapha yezinto eziphilayo futhi siqongelele kancane kancane, okuthinta umsebenzi wezinto ezincane.
Kukhona i-slag nesihlabathi esiningi emanzini angenayo. Esinye ukuthi umphumela wokuvimba we-grille mubi kakhulu, kanti esinye ukuthi izindawo zokuhlanza indle ezingaphezu kuka-90% ezweni lakithi azikakhi amathangi okuqala okususa indle.
Abanye abantu bangase babuze, kungani kungakhiwa ithangi lokuqala lokuthuthwa kwamanzi? Lokhu kumayelana nenethiwekhi yamapayipi. Kunezinkinga ezifana nokungaxhunywa kahle, ukuxhumana okuxubile, kanye nokuxhumeka okungekho kunethiwekhi yamapayipi ezweni lakithi. Ngenxa yalokho, ikhwalithi yamanzi enamandla yezitshalo zamanzi angcolile ngokuvamile inezici ezintathu: ukugcwala okuphezulu kwe-inorganic solid (ISS), i-COD ephansi, isilinganiso se-C/N esiphansi.
Ukuhlushwa kwezinto ezingaphili emanzini anamandla kuphezulu, okungukuthi, okuqukethwe kwesihlabathi kuphakeme kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, ithangi lokuqala lokuthuthwa kwamanzi linganciphisa ezinye izinto ezingaphili, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi i-COD yamanzi anamandla iphansi kakhulu, izitshalo eziningi zokulahla indle azikhi nje ithangi lokuqala lokuthuthwa kwamanzi.
Ekugcineni, umsebenzi ophansi wodaka uyifa "lezitshalo ezisindayo namanetha alula".
Sithe ukugcwala okukhulu kodaka kanye nomsebenzi ophansi kuzoholela ku-N kanye ne-P eningi kakhulu ekungcoleni. Ngalesi sikhathi, izindlela zokuphendula zezitshalo eziningi zokulahla indle ukwengeza imithombo yekhabhoni kanye nama-flocculant angaphili. Kodwa-ke, ukwengezwa kwemithombo eminingi yekhabhoni yangaphandle kuzoholela ekwandeni okwengeziwe kokusetshenziswa kwamandla, kuyilapho ukwengezwa kwenani elikhulu le-flocculant kuzokhiqiza inani elikhulu le-chemical daka, okuholela ekwandeni kokugcwala kodaka kanye nokwehla okwengeziwe komsebenzi we-daka, okwakha umbuthano omubi.
#2
Umbuthano omubi lapho inani elikhulu lamakhemikhali okususa i-phosphorus asetshenziswayo, kulapho ukukhiqizwa kodaka kukhulu khona.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali okususa i-phosphorus kwandisa ukukhiqizwa kodaka ngo-20% kuya ku-30%, noma ngisho nangaphezulu.
Inkinga yodaka ibilokhu iyinkinga enkulu yezitshalo zokuhlanza indle iminyaka eminingi, ikakhulukazi ngoba ayikho indlela yokuphuma kodaka, noma indlela yokuphuma ayizinzile.
Lokhu kuholela ekwandiseni ukuguga kodaka, okuholela ekwandeni kokuguga kodaka, kanye nokukhubazeka okukhulu nakakhulu njengokugcwala kodaka.
Udaka olunwetshiwe alukwazi ukugeleza kahle. Njengoba ukungcola okuvela ethangini lesibili lokuthuthwa kwamanzi kulahlekile, iyunithi yokwelapha ethuthukisiwe iyavalwa, umphumela wokwelapha uyancishiswa, futhi inani lamanzi okugeza amanzi angemuva liyakhula.
Ukwanda kwenani lamanzi okugeza ngemuva kuzoholela emiphumeleni emibili, eyodwa ukunciphisa umphumela wokwelashwa kwesigaba sangaphambilini se-biochemical.
Inani elikhulu lamanzi okugeza angemuva libuyiselwa ethangini lokungenisa umoya, okunciphisa isikhathi sangempela sokugcina amanzi esakhiweni futhi kunciphisa umphumela wokwelashwa kokwelashwa kwesibili;
Okwesibili ukunciphisa umphumela wokucubungula weyunithi yokucubungula ukujula.
Ngenxa yokuthi inani elikhulu lamanzi okugeza ngemuva kumele libuyiselwe ohlelweni lokuhlunga oluthuthukisiwe, izinga lokuhlunga liyakhuphuka futhi umthamo wangempela wokuhlunga uyancishiswa.
Umphumela wokwelapha uwonke uba mubi, okungabangela ukuthi i-phosphorus kanye ne-COD iyonke emseleni wokungcola kudlule izinga elijwayelekile. Ukuze kugwenywe ukudlula izinga elijwayelekile, isitshalo sendle sizokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokususa i-phosphorus, okuzokwandisa inani lendle.
ungene embuthanweni ononya.
#3
Umjikelezo omubi wokuthwala ngokweqile kwezitshalo zamanzi amdaka isikhathi eside kanye nokwehla kwamandla okuhlanza indle
Ukwelashwa kwendle akuxhomekile kubantu kuphela, kodwa futhi nasemishinini.
Imishini yokulahla indle ibilokhu ilwa emgqeni wangaphambili wokwelashwa kwamanzi isikhathi eside. Uma ingalungiswa njalo, izinkinga zizovela ngokushesha noma kamuva. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, imishini yokulahla indle ayikwazi ukulungiswa, ngoba uma imishini ethile ima, ukuphuma kwamanzi cishe kuzodlula izinga elijwayelekile. Ngaphansi kohlelo lwezinhlawulo zansuku zonke, wonke umuntu akanakukwazi ukuyikhokhela.
Phakathi kwezindawo zokuhlanza indle zasemadolobheni ezingu-467 ezihlolwe nguSolwazi Wang Hongchen, cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zazo zinezinga lomthwalo we-hydraulic elingaphezu kuka-80%, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu lingaphezu kuka-120%, kanti izindawo zokuhlanza indle ezinhlanu zingaphezu kuka-150%.
Uma izinga lomthwalo we-hydraulic lingaphezu kuka-80%, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezimbalwa zokuhlanza indle ezinkulu kakhulu, izindawo zokuhlanza indle ezijwayelekile azikwazi ukuvala amanzi ukuze alungiswe ngesizathu sokuthi ukungcola kufinyelela ezingeni elifanele, futhi awekho amanzi asekelayo okufaka umoya kanye nokumunca ithangi lesibili le-sedimentation kanye nama-scraper. Imishini ephansi ingalungiswa ngokuphelele noma ishintshwe kuphela uma ikhishwa amanzi.
Okusho ukuthi, cishe u-2/3 wezitshalo zokulahla indle azikwazi ukulungisa imishini ngomqondo wokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukungcola kuyahlangabezana nezindinganiso.
Ngokusho kocwaningo lukaSolwazi uWang Hongchen, isikhathi sokuphila kwama-aerator ngokuvamile siyiminyaka engu-4-6, kodwa ingxenye eyodwa kwezine yezitshalo zokulahla indle azizange zenze ukulungiswa komoya kuma-aerator isikhathi esingangeminyaka engu-6. I-dag scraper, edinga ukuthululwa nokulungiswa, ngokuvamile ayilungiswa unyaka wonke.
Imishini ibilokhu isebenza ngenxa yokugula isikhathi eside, futhi amandla okwelapha amanzi aya ngokuya eba mandundu. Ukuze imelane nengcindezi yomthombo wamanzi, ayikho indlela yokuyimisa ukuze ilungiswe. Esimweni esibi kangaka, kuyohlala kukhona uhlelo lokuhlanza indle oluzobhekana nokuwa.
#4
bhala ekugcineni
Ngemva kokuba ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kusungulwe njengenqubomgomo kazwelonke eyisisekelo yezwe lami, amasimu amanzi, igesi, okuqinile, inhlabathi nokunye ukulawula ukungcola kwathuthuka ngokushesha, phakathi kwawo kungathiwa insimu yokwelashwa kwendle iyona ehamba phambili. Izinga elanele, ukusebenza kwesitshalo sendle sekuyinkinga, futhi inkinga yenethiwekhi yamapayipi kanye nodaka sekuyizinkinga ezimbili ezinkulu embonini yokwelashwa kwendle ezweni lami.
Futhi manje, sekuyisikhathi sokulungisa amaphutha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-23-2022
