Ziqhutshwa isu "le-dual carbon", izimboni eziningi zakhe indlela ecacile yokongiwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa i-carbon. Ukuqaphela ukungathathi hlangothi kwe-carbon akuhlukaniseki nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-CCUS. Ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kobuchwepheshe be-CCUS kufaka phakathi ukubanjwa kwe-carbon, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokugcinwa kwe-carbon, njll. Lolu chungechunge lwezinhlelo zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe ngokwemvelo luhilela ukufaniswa kwama-valve. Ngokombono wezimboni nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlobene, intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo Ithemba lifanelwe ukunakwa kwethuivalvuimboni.
1. Umqondo we-CCUS kanye nochungechunge lwemboni
Umqondo we-A.CCUS
I-CCUS ingase ingajwayelekile noma ingajwayelekile kubantu abaningi. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuba siqonde umthelela we-CCUS embonini yama-valve, ake sifunde ndawonye nge-CCUS. I-CCUS isifinyezo sesiNgisi (i-Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage)
Uchungechunge lwezimboni lwe-B.CCUS.
Lonke uchungechunge lwemboni ye-CCUS luqukethe ikakhulukazi izixhumanisi ezinhlanu: umthombo wokukhishwa komoya, ukubanjwa, ukuthuthwa, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokugcinwa, kanye nemikhiqizo. Izixhumanisi ezintathu zokubanjwa, ukuthuthwa, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokugcinwa zihlobene kakhulu nemboni yamavalvu.
2. Umthelela we-CCUS kuivalvuimboni
Njengoba kuqhutshwa ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, ukusetshenziswa kokubanjwa kwekhabhoni kanye nokugcinwa kwekhabhoni embonini yamakhemikhali kaphethroli, amandla okushisa, insimbi, usimende, ukuphrinta kanye neminye imboni engezansi kwemboni yamavalvu kuzokhula kancane kancane, futhi kuzobonisa izici ezahlukene. Izinzuzo zemboni zizokhishwa kancane kancane, futhi kumelwe siqaphele kakhulu intuthuko efanele. Isidingo samavalvu ezimbonini ezinhlanu ezilandelayo sizokhula kakhulu.
A. Isidingo semboni yamakhemikhali kaphethiloli singesokuqala ukugqamisa
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi isidingo sokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi kagesi ezweni lami ngo-2030 singamathani ayizigidi ezingama-50, futhi sizoncipha kancane kancane sibe yi-0 ngo-2040. Ngenxa yokuthi izimboni zegesi kagesi kanye nezamakhemikhali yizona zindawo eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kwegesi kagesi, kanye nokubanjwa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nezindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa ziphansi, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-CUSS kube okokuqala ukukhuthazwa kulo mkhakha. Ngo-2021, i-Sinopec izoqala ukwakhiwa kwephrojekthi yokuqala ye-CCUS yamathani ayizigidi eShayina, iphrojekthi ye-Qilu Petrochemical-Shengli Oilfield CCUS. Ngemva kokuba iphrojekthi isiqediwe, izoba isisekelo esikhulu kunazo zonke sokuboniswa kweketanga le-CCUS eligcwele imboni eShayina. Imininingwane enikezwe yi-Sinopec ikhombisa ukuthi inani le-carbon dioxide elithathwe yi-Sinopec ngo-2020 selifinyelele cishe amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.3, lapho amathani angu-300,000 azosetshenziselwa ukukhukhula kwensimu kawoyela, okuye kwafeza imiphumela emihle ekuthuthukiseni ukubuyiswa kukawoyela ongahluziwe kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi kagesi.
B. Isidingo semboni yamandla okushisa sizokhula
Kusukela esimweni samanje, isidingo sama-valve embonini yamandla, ikakhulukazi embonini yamandla okushisa, asisikhulu kakhulu, kodwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi yesu "le-dual carbon", umsebenzi wokunciphisa ikhabhoni wezitshalo zamandla ezisebenzisa amalahle uya ngokuya uba nzima. Ngokusho kokubikezela kwezikhungo ezifanele: isidingo sikagesi sezwe lami kulindeleke ukuthi sikhuphuke sifinyelele ku-12-15 trillion kWh ngo-2050, futhi amathani ayizigidigidi ezingu-430-1.64 ze-carbon dioxide kudingeka ancishiswe ngobuchwepheshe be-CCUS ukuze kufezwe ukukhishwa kwegesi okungenayo i-net ohlelweni lwamandla. Uma isitshalo samandla esisebenzisa amalahle sifakwe ne-CCUS, singabamba u-90% wokukhishwa kwekhabhoni, okwenza kube ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla asebenzisa ikhabhoni ephansi. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-CCUS kuyindlela eyinhloko yobuchwepheshe yokuqaphela ukuguquguquka kohlelo lwamandla. Kulokhu, isidingo sama-valve esibangelwa ukufakwa kwe-CCUS sizokhula kakhulu, futhi isidingo sama-valve emakethe yamandla, ikakhulukazi imakethe yamandla okushisa, sizobonisa ukukhula okusha, okufanele ukunakwa ngamabhizinisi embonini yama-valve.
C. Isidingo semboni yensimbi kanye nensimbi sizokhula
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi isidingo sokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ngo-2030 sizoba ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-200 kuya ku-050 ngonyaka. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa nokugcinwa kwe-carbon dioxide embonini yensimbi, ingasetshenziswa ngqo enkambisweni yokwenza insimbi. Ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele lobu buchwepheshe kunganciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ngo-5%-10%. Kusukela kulo mbono, isidingo se-valve esifanele embonini yensimbi sizobhekana nezinguquko ezintsha, futhi isidingo sizobonisa ukuthambekela okukhulu kokukhula.
D. Isidingo semboni yesamente sizokhula kakhulu
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi isidingo sokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ngo-2030 sizoba ngamathani ayizigidi eziyi-100 kuya kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-152 ngonyaka, kanti isidingo sokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ngo-2060 sizoba ngamathani ayizigidi eziyi-190 kuya kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-210 ngonyaka. I-carbon dioxide ekhiqizwa ukubola kwe-limestone embonini yesamente ibiza cishe u-60% wokukhishwa kwegesi okuphelele, ngakho-ke i-CCUS iyindlela edingekayo yokususa ukukhishwa kwegesi embonini yesamente.
Isidingo semboni yamandla e-E.Hydrogen sizosetshenziswa kabanzi
Ukukhipha i-hydrogen eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ku-methane kugesi yemvelo kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwama-valve amaningi, ngoba amandla abanjwa enkambisweni yokukhiqizwa kwe-CO2, ukubanjwa nokugcinwa kwekhabhoni (CCS) kuyadingeka, kanti ukudluliselwa nokugcinwa kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwama-valve amaningi.
3. Iziphakamiso zemboni yama-valve
I-CCUS izoba nendawo ebanzi yokuthuthukiswa. Nakuba ibhekene nobunzima obuhlukahlukene, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-CCUS izoba nendawo ebanzi yokuthuthukiswa, okuyinto engangabazeki. Imboni yama-valve kufanele ihlale iqonda kahle futhi ilungiselele ngokwengqondo ngokwanele lokhu. Kunconywa ukuthi imboni yama-valve isebenzise ngenkuthalo amasimu ahlobene nemboni ye-CCUS.
A. Bamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo kumaphrojekthi okubonisa e-CCUS. Ukuze iphrojekthi ye-CCUS iqaliswe eShayina, amabhizinisi embonini yama-valve kumele abambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo ekuqalisweni kwephrojekthi maqondana nobuchwepheshe kanye nocwaningo lomkhiqizo kanye nentuthuko, afingqe ulwazi enkambisweni yokubamba iqhaza ekuqalisweni kwephrojekthi, futhi enze amalungiselelo anele okukhiqizwa okukhulu okulandelayo kanye nokuqhathaniswa kwama-valve. Ubuchwepheshe, ithalente kanye nokugcinwa kwemikhiqizo.
B. Gxila ekwakhiweni kwemboni ebalulekile ye-CCUS yamanje. Gxila embonini yamandla amalahle lapho ubuchwepheshe bokubamba ikhabhoni yaseShayina busetshenziswa khona kakhulu, kanye nemboni kaphethiloli lapho kugcinwa khona izinto ze-geological ukuze kusetshenziswe ama-valve ephrojekthi ye-CCUS, futhi kusetshenziswe ama-valve ezindaweni lapho lezi zimboni zikhona, njenge-Ordos Basin kanye ne-Junggar-Tuha Basin, okuyizindawo ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza amalahle. I-Bohai Bay Basin kanye ne-Pearl River Mouth Basin, okuyizindawo ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza uwoyela negesi, sezisungule ubudlelwano obuseduze namabhizinisi afanele ukuze zisebenzise leli thuba.
C. Nikeza ukwesekwa kwezezimali okuthile kocwaningo lobuchwepheshe kanye nomkhiqizo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamavalvu ephrojekthi ye-CCUS. Ukuze kuholwe emkhakheni wamavalvu wamaphrojekthi e-CCUS esikhathini esizayo, kunconywa ukuthi izinkampani zemboni zibekele eceleni inani elithile lemali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, futhi zinikeze ukwesekwa kwamaphrojekthi e-CCUS maqondana nocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ukuze kudalwe indawo enhle yokwakheka komkhakha we-CCUS.
Ngamafuphi, embonini ye-CCUS, kunconywa ukuthiivalvuimboni iyaqonda ngokugcwele izinguquko ezintsha zezimboni ngaphansi kwesu "le-dual-carbon" kanye namathuba amasha entuthuko ahambisana nalo, ihambisane nesikhathi, futhi ifinyelele intuthuko entsha embonini!
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-26-2022
