Ziqhutshwa isu “lekhabhoni embaxambili”, izimboni eziningi zenze indlela ecacile yokongiwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ikhabhoni. Ukugcwaliseka kokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni akunakuhlukaniswa nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-CCUS. Ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kobuchwepheshe be-CCUS kufaka phakathi ukuthunjwa kwekhabhoni, ukusetshenziswa kwekhabhoni nokugcinwa, njll. Lolu chungechunge lwezinhlelo zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe ngokwemvelo luhilela ukufanisa ama-valve. Ngokombono wezimboni ezihlobene kanye nezicelo, intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo Ithemba lifanele ukunakwa kwethui-valveimboni.
1.CCUS umqondo kanye nochungechunge lwemboni
Umqondo we-A.CCUS
I-CCUS ingase ingajwayelekile noma ingajwayelekile kubantu abaningi. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuba siqonde umthelela we-CCUS embonini yamavalvu, ake sifunde nge-CCUS ndawonye. I-CCUS isifinyezo sesiNgisi (I-Carbon Capture, Ukusetshenziswa kanye Nesitoreji)
Uchungechunge lwemboni ye-B.CCUS.
Lonke uchungechunge lwezimboni ze-CCUS ikakhulukazi lwakhiwe izixhumanisi ezinhlanu: umthombo okhishwayo, ukuthwebula, ezokuthutha, ukusetshenziswa nokugcinwa, kanye nemikhiqizo. Izixhumanisi ezintathu zokubamba, ezokuthutha, ukusetshenziswa nokugcinwa zihlobene eduze nemboni yamavalvu.
2. Umthelela we-CCUS oni-valveimboni
Eqhutshwa ukungathathi hlangothi kwe-carbon, ukuqaliswa kwe-carbon capture kanye nokugcinwa kwe-carbon ku-petrochemical, amandla ashisayo, insimbi, usimende, ukunyathelisa nezinye izimboni ezansi nomfula we-valve kuzokhula kancane kancane, futhi kuzobonisa izici ezihlukahlukene. Izinzuzo zemboni zizokhishwa kancane kancane, futhi kufanele sinakisise intuthuko efanele. Isidingo samavalvu kulezi zimboni ezinhlanu ezilandelayo sizokhula kakhulu.
A. Isidingo semboni ye-petrochemical ingesokuqala esigqamisayo
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi isidingo sokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-petrochemical yezwe lami ngo-2030 singamathani ayizigidi ezingu-50, futhi sizokwehla kancane kancane sibe ngu-0 ngo-2040. Ngenxa yokuthi izimboni ze-petrochemical kanye namakhemikhali yizona zindawo eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kwe-carbon dioxide, futhi ukuthunjwa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, izindleko zokutshala izimali kanye nokusebenza kanye nezindleko zokulondoloza ziphansi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-CUSS kube ubuchwepheshe bokuqala kulo mkhakha. Ngo-2021, iSinopec izoqala ukwakhiwa kwephrojekthi yaseChina yokuqala engamathani ayisigidi, iphrojekthi ye-Qilu Petrochemical-Shengli Oilfield CCUS. Ngemuva kokuthi iphrojekthi isiqediwe, izoba isizinda esikhulu kunazo zonke se-CCUS esigcwele izimboni e-China. Imininingwane ehlinzekwe ngabakwaSinopec ikhombisa ukuthi inani le-carbon dioxide ebanjwe yiSinopec ngo-2020 selifinyelele amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.3, lapho amathani angama-300,000 azosetshenziselwa izikhukhula zamafutha, okube nemiphumela emihle ekuthuthukiseni ukubuyiswa kukawoyela ongahluziwe kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
B. Isidingo semboni yamandla ashisayo sizokhula
Kusukela esimweni samanje, isidingo samavalvu embonini yamandla, ikakhulukazi imboni yamandla ashisayo, asisikhulu kakhulu, kodwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi yesu "i-carbon dual", umsebenzi we-carbon neutralization wezitshalo zamandla asebenza ngamalahle uya ngokuya uba nzima. Ngokwesibikezelo sezikhungo ezifanele: isidingo sikagesi ezweni lami kulindeleke ukuthi sikhuphuke siye ku-12-15 trillion kWh ngo-2050, futhi amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-430-1.64 we-carbon dioxide adinga ukuncishiswa ngobuchwepheshe be-CCUS ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhishwa kwe-zero enetha ohlelweni lwamandla. Uma isikhungo samandla esisebenza ngamalahle sifakwe ne-CCUS, singathwebula u-90% wekhabhoni ekhishwayo, okuyenza ibe ubuchwepheshe bokuphehla amandla ekhabhoni ephansi. Isicelo se-CCUS siyindlela yobuchwepheshe eyinhloko yokubona ukuguquguquka kwesistimu yamandla. Kulokhu, isidingo sama-valve esibangelwa ukufakwa kwe-CCUS sizokhula kakhulu, futhi isidingo sama-valve emakethe yamandla, ikakhulukazi imakethe yamandla ashisayo, sizobonisa ukukhula okusha, okufanele ukunakwa kwamabhizinisi embonini ye-valve.
C. Isidingo semboni yensimbi neyensimbi sizokhula
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi isidingo sokunciphisa ukungcola ngo-2030 kuzoba amathani ayizigidi ezingama-200 kuya kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-050 ngonyaka. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa nokugcinwa kwe-carbon dioxide embonini yensimbi, ingasetshenziswa futhi ngokuqondile ekukhiqizeni insimbi. Ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele lobu buchwepheshe kunganciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ngo-5% -10%. Kusukela kulo mbono, isidingo se-valve esifanelekile embonini yensimbi sizobhekana nezinguquko ezintsha, futhi isidingo sizobonisa ukukhula okuphawulekayo.
D. Isidingo semboni kasimende sizokhula kakhulu
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi isidingo sokunciphisa ukungcola ngo-2030 kuzoba amathani ayizigidi eziyi-100 kuya kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-152 ngonyaka, futhi isidingo sokunciphisa ukungcola ngo-2060 kuzoba amathani ayizigidi eziyi-190 kuya kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-210 ngonyaka. I-carbon dioxide ekhiqizwa ukubola kwe-limestone embonini kasimende yenza cishe u-60% wengqikithi ekhishwayo, ngakho-ke i-CCUS iyindlela edingekayo yokuqeda ikhabhoni embonini kasimende.
Isidingo semboni yamandla we-E.Hydrogen sizosetshenziswa kabanzi
Ukukhipha i-hydrogen eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ku-methane kugesi yemvelo kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwenani elikhulu lama-valve, ngoba amandla athathwe ohlelweni lokukhiqiza i-CO2, ukuthunjwa kwe-carbon kanye nokugcinwa kwe-carbon (CCS) kuyadingeka, futhi ukudluliselwa nokugcinwa kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwenani elikhulu lama-valve.
3. Iziphakamiso zemboni yamavalvu
I-CCUS izoba nendawo ebanzi yokuthuthukiswa. Nakuba ibhekene nobunzima obuhlukahlukene, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-CCUS izoba nendawo ebanzi yentuthuko, okungangabazeki. Imboni yama-valve kufanele igcine ukuqonda okucacile kanye nokuzilungiselela ngokwengqondo okwanele kwalokhu. Kunconywa ukuthi imboni ye-valve isebenzise izinkambu ezihlobene nemboni ye-CCUS
A. Bamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo kumaphrojekthi wokubonisa we-CCUS. Kuphrojekthi ye-CCUS ezoqalwa eShayina, amabhizinisi embonini yama-valve kumele abambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo ekuqalisweni kwephrojekthi ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe nocwaningo lomkhiqizo kanye nentuthuko, afingqe isipiliyoni enqubweni yokubamba iqhaza ekuqalisweni kwephrojekthi, futhi enze amalungiselelo anele okukhiqizwa kwenani elikhulu okulandelayo nokumataniswa kwama-valve. Ubuchwepheshe, ithalente kanye nemikhiqizo egciniwe.
B. Gxila kusakhiwo somkhakha esiyinhloko se-CCUS. Gxila embonini yamandla wamalahle lapho kusetshenziswa kakhulu ubuchwepheshe baseShayina bokuthwebula i-carbon, kanye nemboni ye-petroleum lapho ukugcinwa kwe-geological kugxilwe khona ukuze kufakwe amavalvu ephrojekthi ye-CCUS, futhi kusetshenziswe ama-valve ezindaweni lapho lezi zimboni zikhona, njenge-Ordos Basin kanye ne-Junggar-Tuha Basin, okuyizindawo ezibalulekile ezikhiqiza amalahle. I-Bohai Bay Basin kanye ne-Pearl River Mouth Basin, okuyizindawo ezibalulekile ezikhiqiza uwoyela negesi, zisungule ubudlelwano obuseduze namabhizinisi afanelekile ukuze kuthathwe leli thuba.
C. Nikeza usekelo oluthile lwezezimali lobuchwepheshe nocwaningo lomkhiqizo nokuthuthukiswa kwamavalvu ephrojekthi ye-CCUS. Ukuze zikwazi ukuhola emkhakheni we-valve wamaphrojekthi we-CCUS esikhathini esizayo, kunconywa ukuthi izinkampani zezimboni zibeke eceleni inani elithile lezimali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, futhi zinikeze ukusekelwa kwamaphrojekthi we-CCUS mayelana nocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ukuze zakhe indawo enhle yokuhlelwa kwemboni ye-CCUS.
Ngamafuphi, embonini ye-CCUS, kunconywa ukuthii-valveimboni iziqonda ngokugcwele izinguquko ezintsha zezimboni ngaphansi kwesu “le-dual-carbon” kanye namathuba amasha entuthuko eza nayo, ihambisane nezikhathi, futhi izuze intuthuko entsha embonini!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-26-2022
