Isigaba sokuqala semboni ye-valve (1949-1959)
01Hlela ukusebenzela ukusimama komnotho wezwe
Isikhathi esisukela ku-1949 kuya ku-1952 kwakuyinkathi yokusimama komnotho wezwe lami. Ngenxa yezidingo zokwakha umnotho, izwe lidinga ngokushesha inani elikhuluama-valve, hhayi kuphelaama-valve okucindezela okuphansi, kodwa futhi inqwaba yama-valve okucindezela okuphezulu naphakathi ayengakhiqizwanga ngaleso sikhathi. Ukuhlela kanjani ukukhiqizwa kwama-valve ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziphuthumayo zezwe kuwumsebenzi onzima futhi onzima.
1. Umhlahlandlela kanye nokusekela ukukhiqizwa
Ngokuhambisana nenqubomgomo “yokuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza, ukuthuthukisa umnotho, kucatshangelwa kokubili umphakathi kanye nezizimele, futhi kuhlomule kokubili abasebenzi kanye nemali,” uhulumeni wabantu usebenzisa indlela yokucubungula noku-oda, futhi usekela ngamandla amabhizinisi azimele aphakathi nendawo namancane ukuze vula futhi ukhiqize ama-valve. Ngobusuku bangaphambi kokusungulwa kwePeople's Republic of China, iShenyang Chengfa Iron Factory yagcina ivale ibhizinisi layo ngenxa yezikweletu zayo ezinkulu futhi ingenamakethe yemikhiqizo yayo, kwashiya abasebenzi abayisi-7 kuphela ababezogada ifektri, futhi yathengisa amathuluzi emishini ayi-14 ukuze inakekele. izindleko. Ngemva kokusungulwa kweNew China, ngokwesekwa uhulumeni wabantu, ifektri yaphinde yaqala ukukhiqiza, futhi isibalo sabasebenzi ngalowo nyaka sakhula sisuka ku-7 saya ku-96 lapho siqala. Kamuva, ifekthri yakwamukela ukucutshungulwa kwempahla evela e-Shenyang Hardware Machinery Company, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwaqala ukubukeka okusha. Isibalo sabasebenzi sikhuphuke safinyelela ku-329, okunomphumela wonyaka wamasethi angu-610 wamavalvu ahlukahlukene, anenani lokukhipha elingu-830,000 yuan. Ngesikhathi esifanayo e-Shanghai, amabhizinisi azimele ayekhiqize ama-valve aphinde avulwa kabusha, kodwa ngokusimama komnotho wezwe, inqwaba yamabhizinisi amancane azimele avulwa noma ashintshela ekukhiqizeni ama-valve, okwenza inhlangano ye-Construction Hardware Association. leso sikhathi anda ngokushesha.
2. Ukuthenga nokuthengisa okuhlanganisiwe, hlela ukukhiqizwa kwama-valve
Njengoba inqwaba yamabhizinisi azimele ephenduka ukukhiqizwa kwamavalvu, i-Shanghai Construction Hardware Association yasekuqaleni ayikwazanga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zentuthuko. Ngo-1951, abakhiqizi bamavalvu e-Shanghai basungula amabhizinisi ahlanganyelwe angu-6 ukuze benze imisebenzi yokucubungula noku-oda ye-Shanghai Purchasing Supply Station ye-China Hardware Machinery Company, futhi baqalise ukuthenga nokuthengisa okuhlangene. Isibonelo, i-Daxin Iron Works, eyenza umsebenzi wamavalvu amakhulu anengcindezi ephansi, kanye neYuanda, Zhongxin, Jinlong kanye neLianggong Machinery Factory, eyenza ukukhiqizwa kwamavalvu anomfutho ophakeme naphakathi, konke kusekelwa yiShanghai. I-Municipal Bureau of Public Utilities, uMnyango Wezimboni wase-East China kanye ne-Central Fuel. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwePetroleum Administration yoMnyango Wezimboni, ama-oda aqondile ayasetshenziswa, bese kuphendukela kuma-oda okucubungula. Uhulumeni Wabantu uye wasiza amabhizinisi azimele ukuba anqobe ubunzima ekukhiqizeni nasekuthengisweni ngenqubomgomo ehlangene yokuthenga nokudayisa, ekuqaleni washintsha isiphithiphithi sezomnotho samabhizinisi azimele, futhi wathuthukisa umdlandla wokukhiqiza wabanikazi bamabhizinisi nabasebenzi, abasemuva ngokwedlulele kwezobuchwepheshe, imishini. kanye nezimo zefekthri Ngaphansi kwezimo, inikeze inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo ye-valve kumabhizinisi abalulekile njengezitshalo zamandla, izitshalo zensimbi kanye nezinkundla zikawoyela ukuze ziphinde ziqale ukukhiqiza.
3. Ukuthuthukiswa kokubuyiselwa kwezinsiza zokwakha umnotho kazwelonke
Ohlelweni lokuqala lweminyaka emihlanu, umbuso uhlonze amaphrojekthi wokwakha abalulekile ayi-156, lapho ukubuyiselwa kweYumen Oil Field kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-Anshan Iron and Steel Company kuyimiklamo emibili emikhulu. Ukuze kuqalwe kabusha ukukhiqizwa e-Yumen Oilfield ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, I-Petroleum Administration Bureau yoMnyango Wezimboni Zeziphethiloli yahlela ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zemishini kaphethiloli e-Shanghai. I-Shanghai Jinlong Hardware Factory kanye nezinye zenze umsebenzi wokukhiqiza inqwaba yamavalvu ensimbi anomfutho omaphakathi. Kuyacatshangelwa ukucabanga ubunzima bamavalvu okucindezela okuphakathi akhiqiza isilingo ngamafekthri amancane anesitayela seshabhu. Ezinye izinhlobo zingalingiswa kuphela ngokuya ngamasampula anikezwe abasebenzisi, futhi izinto zangempela ziyahlolwa futhi zifakwe imephu. Njengoba ikhwalithi yensimbi yensimbi yayingeyinhle ngokwanele, umzimba wokuqala we-valve yensimbi yensimbi kwadingeka uguqulwe ube yi-forging. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakungekho ukufa kokubhoboza ukucutshungulwa kwembobo ye-oblique yomzimba we-valve ye-globe, ngakho-ke yayingabhobozwa ngesandla kuphela, bese ilungiswa yi-fitter. Ngemva kokunqoba ubunzima obuningi, ekugcineni siphumelele ekukhiqizeni isilingo se-NPS3/8 ~ NPS2 amavaluvu ensimbi yokucindezela okuphakathi nendawo namavalvu eglobhu, amukelwa kahle ngabasebenzisi. Engxenyeni yesibili ka-1952, i-Shanghai Yuanta, iZhongxin, i-Weiye, i-Lianggong namanye amafekthri aqala umsebenzi wokukhiqiza izivivinyo kanye nokukhiqizwa ngobuningi kwama-valve ensimbi enziwe nge-petroleum. Ngaleso sikhathi, imiklamo nezindinganiso zaseSoviet zazisetshenziswa, futhi ochwepheshe bafunda ngokwenza, futhi banqoba ubunzima obuningi ekukhiqizeni. Ukukhiqizwa kwecala lama-valve ensimbi ensimbi yaseShanghai kwahlelwa nguMnyango Wezephethiloli, kwaphinde kwathola ukubambisana kwamafekthri ahlukahlukene eShanghai. I-Asia Factory (manje eyi-Shanghai Machine Repair Factory) inikeze ukulingwa kwensimbi okuhlangabezana nezidingo, futhi i-Sifang Boiler Factory yasiza ekuqhumiseni. Ukuhlolwa kwagcina kuphumelele ekukhiqizeni isilingo se-cast steel valve prototype, futhi ngokushesha yahlela ukukhiqizwa kwenqwaba futhi yathumela e-Yumen Oilfield ukuze isetshenziswe ngesikhathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Shenyang Chengfa Iron Works kanye ne-Shanghai Daxin Iron Works nazo zihlinzekiweama-valve anengcindezi ephansiezinosayizi abakhulu abazibiza ngemishini kagesi, i-Anshan Iron and Steel Company ukuze iqalise kabusha ukukhiqiza nokwakhiwa kwedolobha.
Ngesikhathi sokusimama komnotho wezwe, imboni yamavalvu yezwe lami ithuthuke ngokushesha. Ngo-1949, ukuphuma kwama-valve kwakungama-387t kuphela, okukhuphuke kwafinyelela ku-1015t ngo-1952. Ngobuchwepheshe, ikwazile ukwenza ama-valve ensimbi asakazwayo kanye nama-valve amakhulu anengcindezi ephansi, anganikezi nje kuphela ama-valve afanayo ukuze kubuyiselwe umnotho wezwe, kodwa. futhi ubeke isisekelo esihle sokuthuthukiswa kwekusasa lomkhakha wamavalvu waseChina.
02Imboni yamavalvu yaqala
Ngo-1953, izwe lami laqala uhlelo lwalo lokuqala lweminyaka emihlanu, futhi imboni yezimboni ezifana ne-petroleum, imboni yamakhemikhali, insimbi, amandla kagesi namalahle konke kwasheshisa isivinini sentuthuko. Ngalesi sikhathi, isidingo sama-valve siyaphindaphindeka. Ngaleso sikhathi, nakuba kwakunenani elikhulu lezimboni ezincane ezizimele ezikhiqiza amavalvu, amandla azo obuchwepheshe ayebuthakathaka, amathuluzi azo ayephelelwe yisikhathi, izimboni zawo zazilula, izikali zawo zazincane kakhulu, futhi zazihlakazeke kakhulu. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuthuthuka ngokushesha komnotho kazwelonke, uMnyango Wokuqala Wemboni Yemishini (obizwa ngokuthi uMnyango Wokuqala Wemishini) uyaqhubeka nokuhlela kabusha nokuguqula amabhizinisi angasese okuqala nokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamavalvu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunezinhlelo nezinyathelo zokwakha umgogodla kanye nama-valve abalulekile. Enterprise, imboni yamavalvu yezwe lami yaqala ukuqala.
1. Ukuhlelwa kabusha kwemboni yama-valve yesibili e-Shanghai
Ngemva kokusungulwa kwe-New China, IQembu lasebenzisa inqubomgomo "yokusetshenziswa, imingcele kanye noguquko" embonini yonxiwankulu kanye nezohwebo.
Kuvele ukuthi bekunamafekthri ama-valve amancane angama-60 noma angama-70 eShanghai. Enkulu yalezi zimboni yayinabantu abangu-20 kuya ku-30 kuphela, kanti encane yayinabantu abambalwa. Nakuba lezi zimboni zama-valve zikhiqiza ama-valve, ubuchwepheshe nokuphatha kwabo kungemuva kakhulu, imishini nezakhiwo zefektri zilula, futhi izindlela zokukhiqiza zilula. Abanye banentambo eyodwa noma ezimbili kuphela ezilula noma amathuluzi omshini wamabhande, futhi kukhona kuphela izithando ezimbayo zokuphonsa, eziningi zazo ezisebenza ngesandla. , ngaphandle kwekhono lokuklama kanye nemishini yokuhlola. Lesi simo asifanele ukukhiqizwa kwesimanje, futhi asikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza ezihleliwe zombuso, futhi akunakwenzeka ukulawula ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ye-valve. Kuze kube manje, uHulumeni Wabantu Kamasipala wase-Shanghai ususungule ibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe nabakhiqizi bamavalvu e-Shanghai, futhi wasungula I-Shanghai Pipeline Switches No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. 6 nezinye. amabhizinisi amaphakathi. Ukuhlanganisa lokhu okungenhla, ukuphathwa okuyingxenye eyodwa ngokwezobuchwepheshe kanye nekhwalithi, okuhlanganisa ngempumelelo abaphathi abahlakazekile futhi abanesiphithiphithi, ngaleyo ndlela kugqugquzele kakhulu umdlandla weningi labasebenzi bakhe i-socialism, lokhu kuwukuhlelwa kabusha kokuqala okukhulu kwemboni yamavalvu.
Ngemva kobambiswano phakathi komphakathi nezinkampani ezizimele ngo-1956, imboni yamavalvu e-Shanghai yenza ukulungiswa kwesibili kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha kwezimboni ngezinga elikhulu, futhi kwasungulwa izinkampani ezingochwepheshe ezifana ne-Shanghai Construction Hardware Company, I-Petroleum Machinery Parts Manufacturing Company kanye neGeneral Machinery Company. Inkampani yamavalvu ekuqaleni esebenzisana nemboni yehardware yokwakha isungule iYuanda, Rongfa, Zhongxin, Weiye, Jinlong, Zhao Yongda, Tongxin, Fuchang, Wang Yingqi, Yunchang, Dehe, Jinfa, kanye ne-Xie ngokwesifunda. Kukhona cishe amafekthri amaphakathi angama-20 e-Dalian, Yuchang, Deda, njll. Imboni ngayinye emaphakathi inezimboni ezimbalwa zesathelayithi ngaphansi kolawulo lwayo. Igatsha leqembu kanye nenyunyana yabasebenzi ehlangene yasungulwa endaweni emaphakathi. Uhulumeni wabele abameleli bomphakathi ukuthi bangamele umsebenzi wokuphatha, kanye nezinhlangano ezisungulwe ngokufanayo zokukhiqiza, ukuhlinzeka, nezezimali, futhi kancane kancane wasebenzisa izindlela zokuphatha ezifana nezinkampani zikahulumeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indawo yaseShenyang iphinde yahlanganisa izimboni ezincane ezingama-21 zaba yiChengfaIvalve yesangoIfekthri. Kusukela lapho, umbuso ulethe ukukhiqizwa kwamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo emgudwini kazwelonke wokuhlela ngokusebenzisa ama-ejensi okuphatha kuwo wonke amazinga, futhi uhlele futhi wahlela ukukhiqizwa kwamavalvu. Lolu wushintsho ekuphathweni kokukhiqizwa kwamabhizinisi ama-valve kusukela kwasungulwa i-New China.
2. I-Shenyang General Machinery Factory ishintshele ekukhiqizeni amavalvu
Ngesikhathi esifanayo nokuhlelwa kabusha kwabakhiqizi bamavalvu e-Shanghai, uMnyango Wemishini Wokuqala wehlukanisa ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yefekthri ngayinye exhumene ngokuqondile, futhi wacacisa isiqondiso sokukhiqiza esisebenzayo samafekthri axhumene ngqo nezimboni ezinkulu zendawo ezingaphansi kukahulumeni. I-Shenyang General Machinery Factory yaguqulwa yaba umkhiqizi wamavalvu ochwepheshe. ibhizinisi. Umanduleli wefekthri kwakuyihhovisi lebhizinisi lenhloko-dolobha elisemthethweni kanye nefekthri yamanga yaseJapan yaseDechang. Ngemuva kokusungulwa kweNew China, imboni yakhiqiza amathuluzi emishini ahlukahlukene kanye nokuhlanganisa amapayipi. Ngo-1953, yaqala ukukhiqiza imishini yokwenza izinkuni. Ngo-1954, lapho isiphethwe ngokuqondile i-First Bureau of the Machinery Ministry, yayinabasebenzi abangu-1,585 kanye namasethi angu-147 emishini nemishini ehlukahlukene. Futhi inamandla okukhiqiza ensimbi ekhonjiwe, futhi amandla ezobuchwepheshe anamandla ngokuqhathaniswa. Kusukela ngo-1955, ukuze ivumelane nokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lukazwelonke, iye yashintsha ngokucacile ekukhiqizeni ama-valve, yakha kabusha indawo yokuqala yokusebenza kwensimbi, ukuhlanganisa, amathuluzi, ukukhanda imishini kanye nokuphonsa insimbi, yakha ishabhu entsha yokushisela i-riveting kanye nokushisela, futhi yasungula indawo yokusebenzela. ilabhorethri emaphakathi kanye nesiteshi sokuqinisekisa i-metrological. Abanye ochwepheshe basuswa e-Shenyang Pump Factory. Ngo-1956, 837t ofama-valve okucindezela okuphansizakhiqizwa, futhi ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kwama-valve okucindezela okuphezulu nokuphakathi kwaqala. Ngo-1959, kwakhiqizwa ama-valve angu-4213t, kuhlanganise nama-valve angu-1291t aphezulu naphakathi. Ngo-1962, yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-Shenyang High and Medium Pressure Valve Factory futhi yaba ngelinye lamabhizinisi amakhulu kakhulu embonini yamavalvu.
3. Umvuthwandaba wokuqala wokukhiqizwa kwama-valve
Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokusungulwa kwe-New China, ukukhiqizwa kwe-valve yezwe lami kwaxazululwa ikakhulukazi ngokubambisana nezimpi. Esikhathini esithi “Great Leap Forward”, imboni yamavalvu yezwe lami yabhekana nomvuthwandaba wayo wokuqala wokukhiqiza. Ukukhishwa kwevalvu: 387t ngo-1949, 8126t ngo-1956, 49746t ngo-1959, 128.5 izikhathi eziphindwe ka-1949, kanye nezikhathi ezingu-6.1 zango-1956 lapho kusungulwa ubambiswano phakathi komphakathi nezizimele. Ukukhiqizwa kwamavalvu omfutho ophakeme naphakathi kwaqala sekwephuzile, futhi ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kwaqala ngo-1956, ngokukhishwa konyaka okungu-175t. Ngo-1959, umphumela wafinyelela ku-1799t, owawuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-10.3 kunango-1956. Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kokwakhiwa komnotho kazwelonke kuye kwakhuthaza intuthuko enkulu yemboni yama-valve. Ngo-1955, i-Shanghai Lianggong Valve Factory yakhiqiza ngempumelelo ivalve yesihlahla sikaKhisimusi ye-Yumen Oilfield; I-Shanghai Yuanda, i-Zhongxin, i-Weiye, i-Rongfa namanye amafekthri emishini eyenziwe ngokuhlolwa kwensimbi, ama-valve ensimbi eyakhiwe kanye ne-high-pressure valves kanye nokucindezela okubizwa ngokuthi amasimu kawoyela nezitshalo zomanyolo Ama-valve omanyolo anomfutho ophezulu we-PN160 kanye ne-PN320; I-Shenyang General Machinery Factory kanye ne-Suzhou Iron Factory (eyandulela i-Suzhou Valve Factory) ikhiqize ngempumelelo amavalvu anomfutho ophezulu wemboni kamanyolo ye-Jilin Chemical Industry Corporation; I-Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory ikhiqize ngempumelelo i-valve yesango likagesi enosayizi we-DN3000. Kwakuyivalvu enkulu futhi esinda kakhulu eShayina ngaleso sikhathi; I-Shenyang General Machinery Factory ikhiqize ngempumelelo ama-valve omfutho we-ultra-high anamasayizi ajwayelekile we-DN3 ~ DN10 kanye nezingcindezi zamagama ze-PN1500 ~ PN2000 zedivayisi yokuhlola ephakathi kwe-high-pressure polyethylene; I-Shanghai Daxin Iron Factory ekhiqizwe imboni ye-metallurgical Ivalvu yomoya oshisayo enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa enobukhulu obungajwayelekile be-DN600 kanye ne-flue valve ye-DN900; I-Dalian Valve Factory, i-Wafangdian Valve Factory, njll. nayo izuze ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo. Ukwanda kwezinhlobonhlobo kanye nenani lama-valve kukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yama-valve. Ikakhulukazi ngezidingo zokwakhiwa kwemboni ye-“Great Leap Forward”, amafekthri ama-valve amancane naphakathi nendawo akhule ezweni lonke. Ngo-1958, amabhizinisi kazwelonke okukhiqiza ama-valve ayecishe abe yikhulu, akha ithimba elikhulu lokukhiqiza ama-valve. Ngo-1958, inani eliphelele lama-valve lenyuka laya ku-24,163t, okuwukunyuka kwama-80% ngaphezu kuka-1957; Ngalesi sikhathi, ukukhiqizwa kwamavalvu ezwe lami kwaba nomvuthwandaba wawo wokuqala. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokwethulwa kwabakhiqizi be-valve, kubuye kwaletha uchungechunge lwezinkinga. Isibonelo: ukuphishekela ubuningi kuphela, hhayi ikhwalithi; “ukwenza okuncane nokwenza izindlela ezinkulu zendawo”, ukuntuleka kwezimo zobuchwepheshe; ukuklama ngenkathi wenza, ukuntuleka kwemiqondo ejwayelekile; kopisha futhi ukopishe, okubangela ukudideka kobuchwepheshe. Ngenxa yezinqubomgomo zabo ezihlukene, ngayinye inesethi yezitayela ezahlukene. Amagama ama-valve awafani ezindaweni ezihlukene, futhi ingcindezi yokulinganisa kanye nochungechunge losayizi ojwayelekile alufani. Ezinye izimboni zibhekisela ezindinganisweni zaseSoviet, ezinye zibhekisela kumazinga aseJapane, kanti ezinye zibhekisela kumazinga aseMelika naseBrithani. Ukudideka kakhulu. Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, ukucaciswa, ubukhulu bokuxhuma, ubude besakhiwo, izimo zokuhlola, amazinga okuhlola, izimpawu zopende, okomzimba namakhemikhali, kanye nesilinganiso, njll. Izinkampani eziningi zisebenzisa indlela yokufanisa eyodwa “yokufanisa inani lezihlalo”, ikhwalithi. akuqinisekisiwe, okukhiphayo akukakhuphuki, futhi izinzuzo zezomnotho azithuthukisiwe. Isimo ngaleso sikhathi "sasihlakazekile, sinesiphithiphithi, simbalwa, futhi siphansi", okungukuthi, izimboni zama-valve zihlakazeke yonke indawo, uhlelo lokuphatha olunesiphithiphithi, ukuntuleka kwezindinganiso ezihlangene zobuchwepheshe kanye nokucaciswa, kanye nekhwalithi ephansi yomkhiqizo. Ukuze uhlehlise lesi simo, umbuso wanquma ukuhlela abasebenzi abafanelekile ukuthi benze ucwaningo kazwelonke mayelana nokukhiqizai-valveimboni.
4. Inhlolovo yokuqala kazwelonke yokukhiqiza ama-valve
Ukuze kutholwe isimo sokukhiqiza ama-valve, ngo-1958, Ihhovisi LokuQala Nelesithathu Lomnyango Wokuqala Wemishini yahlela inhlolovo kazwelonke yokukhiqiza ama-valve. Ithimba labaphenyi liye ezifundeni ezingu-4 nasemadolobheni angu-24 eNyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, eNyakatho China, eMpumalanga China naseCentral South China ukuze lenze uphenyo olunzulu ngamafekthri angama-valve angama-90. Lolu wucwaningo lwama-valve lokuqala ezweni lonke kusukela kwasungulwa i-People's Republic of China. Ngaleso sikhathi, inhlolovo yayigxile kubakhiqizi bamavalvu abanesilinganiso esikhulu nezinhlobo eziningi nezicaciso, njenge-Shenyang General Machinery Factory, i-Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory, i-Suzhou Iron Factory, kanye ne-Dalian Valve. Ifektri, i-Beijing Hardware Material Factory (eyandulela i-Beijing Valve Factory), i-Wafangdian Valve Factory, i-Chongqing Valve Factory, abakhiqizi abaningana be-valve e-Shanghai nase-Shanghai Pipeline Switch 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 kanye nezi-6 izimboni, njll.
Ngophenyo, izinkinga eziyinhloko ezikhona ekukhiqizeni ama-valve ziye zatholakala ngokuyisisekelo:
1) Ukuntuleka kokuhlela okuphelele kanye nokuhlukaniswa okunengqondo kwabasebenzi, okuholela ekukhiqizeni okuphindaphindiwe futhi kuthinte umthamo wokukhiqiza.
2) Amazinga womkhiqizo we-valve awahlanganisiwe, okubangele ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ekukhetheni nasekugcinweni komsebenzisi.
I-3) Isisekelo sokulinganisa nomsebenzi wokuhlola sibi kakhulu, futhi kunzima ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ye-valve nokukhiqizwa okukhulu.
Ekuphenduleni lezi zinkinga ezingenhla, ithimba labaphenyi lethule izinyathelo ezintathu ezindlini nasemahhovisi, okuhlanganisa ukuqinisa ukuhlela konke, ukuhlukaniswa okunengqondo kwabasebenzi, nokuhlela ibhalansi yokukhiqiza nokudayisa; ukuqinisa izinga kanye nomsebenzi wokuhlola ngokomzimba namakhemikhali, ukwakha amazinga ama-valve ahlanganisiwe; kanye nokwenza ucwaningo lokuhlola. 1. Abaholi be-3rd Bureau bakubeke ukubaluleka okukhulu kulokhu. Okokuqala, bagxile emsebenzini wokulinganisa. Baphathise iMachinery Manufacturing Technology Research Institute yoMnyango Wokuqala Wemishini ukuthi ihlele abakhiqizi abafanele bama-valve ukuze benze izindinganiso zezinsiza zamapayipi ezikhishwe yinkonzo, aqaliswa embonini ngo-1961. Ukuze kuqondiswe ukwakheka kwamavalvu efektri ngayinye, isikhungo sihlanganise futhi saphrinta “Imanuwali yokuklama iValve”. Izinga lezinsiza zepayipi elikhishwe ungqongqoshe liyiqoqo lokuqala lamazinga ama-valve ezweni lami, futhi “Ibhukwana Lokuklama I-Valve” liwulwazi lokuqala lomklamo we-valve ohlanganiswe yithina, olubambe iqhaza elihle ekuthuthukiseni izinga lokuklama lama-valve. imikhiqizo ezweni lami. Ngale nhlolovo kazwelonke, kutholakale umnyombo wokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamavalvu yezwe lami eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, futhi izinyathelo ezisebenzayo nezisebenzayo sezithathwe ukuze kuqedwe ngokuphelele ukulingisa okuyisiphithiphithi kokukhiqizwa kwamavalvu kanye nokuntuleka kwezindinganiso. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bathatha isinyathelo esikhulu phambili futhi baqala ukungena esigabeni esisha sokuziklama kanye nenhlangano yokukhiqiza ngobuningi.
03 Isifinyezo
Kusukela ngo-1949 kuya ku-1959, izwe lamii-valveimboni yasheshe yalulama obishini lwaseChina yakudala futhi yaqala ukuqala; kusukela ekunakekeleni, ukulingisa kuye ekuzenzelenidukukhiqiza nokukhiqiza, kusukela ekwenziweni kwamavalvu anengcindezi ephansi kuya ekukhiqizweni kwamavalvu omfutho ophakeme naphakathi, kwaqale kwakha imboni yokukhiqiza amavalvu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwejubane lokukhiqiza, kukhona nezinkinga ezithile. Kusukela yafakwa ohlelweni lukazwelonke, ngaphansi kokuphathwa okumaphakathi koMnyango Wokuqala Wemishini, imbangela yale nkinga iye yatholakala ngophenyo nocwaningo, futhi izixazululo nezinyathelo ezisebenzayo nezisebenzayo ziye zathathwa ukuze ukukhiqizwa kwamavalvu kuqhubeke. ngesivinini sokwakhiwa komnotho kazwelonke, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamavalvu. Futhi ukwakhiwa kwezinhlangano zezimboni kuye kwabeka isisekelo esihle.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-27-2022
