Isigaba sokuqala semboni ye-valve (1949-1959)
01GEZALIZE UKUZE UTHOLA UKUTHOLA IMnotho Kazwelonke
Isikhathi kusukela ngo-1949 sa- 1952 sasiyisikhathi sokululama kwezomnotho kwezwe lami. Ngenxa yezidingo zokwakhiwa komnotho, izwe ngokuphuthumayo lidinga inani elikhulu leamavalve, hhayi kuphelaama-valves aphansi aphansi, kodwa futhi ne-batch yama-valves aphezulu aphakathi nendawo angenziwanga ngaleso sikhathi. Ungahlela kanjani ukukhiqizwa kwe-valve ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo eziphuthumayo zezwe ngumsebenzi osindayo futhi onzima.
1. Umhlahlandlela kanye nokuxhasa ukunikela
Ngokuya ngenqubomgomo ethi "Ukuthuthukisa Ukukhiqiza, Ukuchuma Komnotho, Ukubhekelwa Komphakathi Nangasese, futhi Uhlomule Kokubili" Kuzuze Kokubili Kukahulumeni Ngendlela Ephakathi Namabhizinisi Amancane Ukuvula Futhi Ukukhiqiza ama-Valves. Ngobusuku bokusungulwa kweRiphabhulikhi Yabantu baseChina, i-Shenkang Chengfa Iron Factory yagcina ivale ibhizinisi layo ngenxa yezikweletu zayo ezisindayo futhi ishiya izisebenzi eziyi-7 kuphela ukuqapha izindleko. Ngemuva kokusungulwa kweNew China, ngokwesekwa uhulumeni wabantu, ifektri yaqala ukukhiqizwa, futhi inani labasebenzi kulowo nyaka lenyuka lisuka ku-7 liye ku-96 lapho liqala. Ngemuva kwalokho, itimu lamukele ukucubungula okubonakalayo okuvela enkampanini ye-Shenyang Hardware Hardware, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwaqala ukubukeka okusha. Inani labasebenzi lenyuke laya ku-329, ngokuphuma konyaka kwamasethi angama-610 ama-valves ahlukahlukene, ngenani lokukhipha le-830,000 yuan. Ngesikhathi esifanayo eShanghai, hhayi kuphela amabhizinisi angasese akhiqize avulwe kabusha, kodwa ngokululama komnotho wezwe, inqwaba yamabhizinisi amancane azimele avulwa noma ashintshele ukukhiqiza ama-valves, okwenza inhlangano ye-Hardware Association ngalesosikhathi yandise ngokushesha.
2. Ukuthenga okuhlangene nokuthengisa, hlela ukukhiqizwa kwe-valve
Ngenani elikhulu lamabhizinisi azimele aphendukela ekukhiqizeni i-Valve, inhlangano yokuqala ye-Shanghai yokwakha ayikwazi ukufeza izidingo zentuthuko. Ngo-1951, abakhiqizi be-Shanghai valve basungule ukungena okuhlangene okungu-6 ukwenza imisebenzi yokucubungula noku-oda isiteshi sokuthenga seShanghai se-Shanghai se-China Hardware Michchining Company, kanye nokuthenga okuhlangene kanye nokuthengisa. Isibonelo, imisebenzi yensimbi ye-daxin ye-daxin, eyenza umsebenzi wama-valves amakhulu okucindezela okuphansi, kanye ne-zhongxin, i-jinlong kanye ne-lianggong imishini ifektri, inkonzo yomkhakha ye-SHANGHAI, inkonzo yezimboni ye-East China kanye nophethiloli ophakathi. Ngaphansi kokuholwa nguPetroleum ukuphathwa koMnyango Wezimboni, ama-oda aqondile aqaliswa, bese aphendukela ekucutshungweni kwama-oda. Uhulumeni wabantu usize ukunqoba ubunzima ekukhiqizeni nasekuthengisweni kwenqubomgomo yokuthenga okuhlangene kanye nenqubomgomo yokuthengisa, iye yaphenduka inqwaba yemikhiqizo ye-valve yamabhizinisi asemqoka, izitshalo zensimbi kanye namasimu ensimbi ukuze aqale kabusha ukukhiqizwa.
I-3. Ukuthuthukiswa kokubuyiselwa kwezinsizakalo zokwakha umnotho kazwelonke
Ohlelweni lokuqala lweminyaka emihlanu, umbuso ukhombe amaphrojekthi wokwakha abalulekile ayi-156, lapho ukubuyiselwa kwensimu yamafutha e-Yumen kanye ne-Anshan Iron kanye ne-Steel Cound Company kungamaphrojekthi amabili amakhulu. Ukuze uqale kabusha ukukhiqizwa e-Yumen Oilfield ngokushesha okukhulu, i-Petroleum Administration Bureau of Ministry of Fuel Hollof ihlele ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zemishini kaPhetroleum eShanghai. Ifektri ye-Harghai Jinlong Hardware nabanye bayenzile umsebenzi wokukhiqiza isivivinyo i-batch yama-valves ensimbi aphakathi nendawo. Kucatshangeleka ukubheka ubunzima bokukhiqiza izivivinyo okuphathelene nengcindezelo yengcindezelo yama-mediums-symbol factories. Ezinye izinhlobo zingalingiswa kuphela ngokuya ngamasampula anikezwe abasebenzisi, futhi izinto zangempela zihlolisisiwe futhi zimelwe. Njengoba ikhwalithi yensimbi yensimbi ibingalungile ngokwanele, umzimba wokuqala we-castve valve kwadingeka ukuthi ushintshelwe abe kilo. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakungekho ukumba okufa ukucutshungulwa kwe-oblique umgodi we-globe valve umzimba, ngakho-ke kungakhiwa ngesandla kuphela, bese kulungiswa yi-fitter. Ngemuva kokunqoba ubunzima obuningi, ekugcineni saphumelela ekukhiqizeni isivivinyo se-NPS3 / 8 ~ nps2 medium-transress ensimbi gate valves nama-valves omhlaba, atholwe kahle ngabasebenzisi. Engxenyeni yesibili ka-1952, eShanghai Yuanta, Zhongxin, Weiye, uLianggong kanye nezinye izinto ezenziwe umsebenzi wokukhiqizwa kwesilingo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwabantu abaningi kaPetroleum. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwasetshenziswa imiklamo namazinga eSoviet, futhi ochwepheshe bafunda ngokwenza, futhi banqoba ubunzima obuningi ekukhiqizweni. Ukukhiqizwa kwesivivinyo kwama-vanghai cast valves ahlelwe ngoMnyango We-petroleum, futhi athole nokubambisana kwamafektri ahlukahlukene eShanghai. Ifektri yase-Asia (Manje i-Shanghai umshini wokulungisa ifektri) ihlinzeke ama-casthings ensimbi ahlangabezana nezidingo, futhi ifektri ye-sifang boiler isizile ekuqhumeni. Ukuhlolwa ekugcineni kwaphumelela ekukhiqizweni kwesilingo kwe-cast valve prototype, futhi ngokushesha kuhlelwe ukukhiqizwa kwesisindo futhi kusithumele ku-Yumen Oilfield ukuze isetshenziswe ngesikhathi. Ngasikhathi sinye, uShenyang Chengfa Iron Works and Shanghai Daxin Iron Works nayo inikeziweAma-valves aphansi aphansiNgolunye usayizi onobukhulu bezitshalo zamandla, i-anshan iron kanye nenkampani yensimbi yokuqalisa ukukhiqizwa nokwakhiwa kwamadolobha.
Ngesikhathi sokubuyisa umnotho wezwe, imboni ye-valve yezwe lami yathuthuka ngokushesha. Ngo-1949, umphumela we-valve wawungama-387t kuphela, akhuphuke afinyelela ku-1015t ngo-1952. Ubuchwepheshe, uphinde wakwazi ukuhlinzeka nge-valves enkulu yezomnotho wezwe lonke, kodwa futhi ubeke isisekelo esihle sokuthuthuka kwe-valve yase-China.
Umkhakha we-valve waqala
Ngo-1953, izwe lami laqala uhlelo lwalo lweminyaka emihlanu, nemikhakha yezimboni efana ne-petroleum, imboni yamakhemikhali, i-metallurgy, amandla kagesi kanye namalahle wonke asheshise ijubane lentuthuko. Ngalesi sikhathi, isidingo sama-valve siyaphindwa. Ngaleso sikhathi, yize kunenqwaba yamafektri amancane azimele akhiqiza ama-valve, amandla abo ezobuchwepheshe ayebuthakathaka, imishini yabo iphelelwe yisikhathi, izikali zabo zazincane kakhulu, futhi zazihlakazekile kakhulu, futhi zazihlakazekile kakhulu, futhi zazihlakazekile kakhulu, futhi zazihlakazekile kakhulu, futhi zazihlakazekile kakhulu, futhi zazihlakazekile kakhulu, futhi zazihlakazekile kakhulu, futhi zazihlakazekile kakhulu, futhi zazihlakazekile kakhulu, futhi zazihlakazekile kakhulu, futhi zazihlakazekile kakhulu, futhi zazihlakazekile kakhulu, futhi zazihlakazekile kakhulu, futhi zazihlakazekile kakhulu, futhi zazihlakazekile kakhulu, futhi zazihlakazekile kakhulu, futhi zazihlakazekile kakhulu, futhi zazihlakazekile kakhulu, futhi zazihlakazekile kakhulu. Ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zokuthuthuka okusheshayo komnotho wezwe lonke, uMnyango Wokuqala Wemishini Wezimboni (okubhekiselwa kuye njengoMnyango Wokuqala Wemishini) uyaqhubeka nokuhlela kabusha futhi uguqule amabhizinisi wangempela abumele futhi anwebe ukukhiqizwa kwe-valve. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunezinhlelo nezinyathelo zokwakha i-Backbone nama-Key Valve. Ebhizinisi, imboni ye-valve yezwe lami yaqala ukuqala.
1. Ukuhlelwa kabusha komkhakha we-valve wesibili eShanghai
Ngemuva kokusungulwa kweNew China, iqembu lisebenzise inqubomgomo "yokusetshenziswa, ukunqunyelwa kanye nokuguqulwa kanye nenguquko" yemboni nezentengiselwano.
Kwavela ukuthi kwakukhona amafektri amancanyana angama-60 noma angama-70 eShanghai. Okukhulu kwalawa mafeloki kuphela anabantu abangu-20 kuye kwabangu-30, futhi okuncane kakhulu kunabantu abambalwa. Yize lawa mafektri ama-valve akhiqiza ama-valves, ubuchwepheshe babo kanye nabaphathi babuyela emuva, imishini kanye nezakhiwo zefekthri zilula, futhi izindlela zokukhiqiza zilula. Abanye bane-lathes eyodwa noma ezimbili ezilula noma amathuluzi omshini we-belt, futhi kunezimpande ezifuywayo kuphela zokuphonsa, iningi lazo lisebenza ngesandla. , ngaphandle kwamandla okuklama nemishini yokuhlola. Lesi simo asilungele ukukhiqizwa kwesimanje, futhi ngeke sihlangabezane nezidingo zokukhiqiza ezihleliwe zombuso, futhi akunakwenzeka ukulawula ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ye-valve. Kuze kube manje, uhulumeni wabantu bakaMasipala weShanghai wenze umsebenzi ohlanganyelwe nabakhiqizi be-valve eShanghai, kanye nepayipi laseShanghai lishintsha uNombolo 1, No. 2, No. 4 namanye amabhizinisi aphakathi. Ukuhlanganisa ukuphathwa okuphezulu, okuphakathi maqondana nobuchwepheshe kanye nekhwalithi, okuhlanganisa ukuphathwa okuhlakazekile futhi okunesiphithiphithi, ngakho-ke ukuhlanganisa kakhulu umdlandla weningi labasebenzi ukwakha ubuningi bomkhakha we-valve.
Ngemuva kokubambisana komphakathi-kwangasese ngo-1956, imboni ye-valve eShanghai yathola ukuhlelwa kabusha kwesibili nokwakhiwa kwezimboni ezikalini eziningi, nezinkampani eziqeqeshiwe ezifana ne-Shanghai Construction Hardware Company, i-Petroleum Imishini Yokukhiqiza Imishini yokukhiqiza kanye nenkampani evamile yemishini yemishini yasungulwa. Inkampani ye-valve ekuqaleni exhumene nemboni ye-hardware yokwakha isisungule i-Yuanda, Rongfa, Zhongxin, Zhachang, u-Ohe, Jinfa, kanye Xie ngesifunda. Kunamafektri aphakathi kwama-20 eDalian, yuchang, deada, njll. Ifektri ngayinye ephakathi inefektri embalwa ye-satellite ngaphansi komthetho wayo. Igatsha lephathi kanye nenyunyana ehlanganyelwe yotshani kwasungulwa esimisweni esimaphakathi. Uhulumeni owabelwe abamele bakahulumeni ekwengamela umsebenzi wokuphatha, futhi ukukhiqizwa okuhambisanayo, izinhlangano zebhizinisi, kanye nezindlela zokuphatha zezimali, futhi kwaqala ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuphatha ezifana namabhizinisi aphethwe nguhulumeni. Ngasikhathi sinye, indawo yaseShenyang ibuye yahlanganisa amafektri amancane angama-21 e-ChengfaI-SAGE VALVVVEIfektri. Kusukela lapho, uMbuso ulethe ukukhiqizwa kwamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nephakathi kwithrekhi kazwelonke yokuhlela ngezinhlangano zokuphatha kuwo wonke amazinga, futhi ihlelele ukukhiqizwa kwe-valve. Lolu lushintsho ekuphathweni kokukhiqizwa kwamabhizinisi we-valve selokhu kwasungulwa kweNew China.
2. I-Shenyang General Machch Mitch Cindert ishintshele ukukhiqizwa kwe-valve
Ngasikhathi sinye njengokuhlelwa kabusha kwabakhiqizi be-valve eShanghai, umnyango wokuqala wemishini wahlukanisa ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yefektri ngayinye ehambisana ngqo, futhi kwacacisa ukuqondiswa kokukhiqizwa kochwepheshe kwamafektri ahambisana ngqo nezendawo. I-Shenyang General Machchnical Factory yaguqulwa yaba ngumenzi we-valve ochwepheshe. ENTERPRISE. Umlandeli wale fektri kwakuyihhovisi le-bureaucratic capital Enterprise Mainland Office kanye nefektri yaseJapan Pseudo-Industry Dechang. Ngemuva kokusungulwa kweNew China, ifektri ikhiqize ikakhulukazi amathuluzi ahlukahlukene omshini kanye namajoyithi wepayipi. Ngo-1953, kwaqala ukukhiqiza imishini yokusebenza ngokhuni. Ngo-1954, lapho bekungaphansi kokuphathwa ngqo kwe-Bureau yokuqala yenkonzo yemishini, kwaba nabasebenzi abayi-1,585 nemishini ehlukahlukene nemishini. Futhi inekhono lokukhiqiza lensimbi elahlekile, futhi amandla ezobuchwepheshe aqinile. Kusukela ngo-1955, ukuze kuvumelanise ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lukazwelonke, kushintshele ngokusobala ukukhiqizwa kwe-valve, kwakha kabusha i-metalwork yoqobo, umhlangano, ukulungiswa kwemishini, wasungula i-lagerator entsha kanye nesiteshi sokuqinisekisa esisemaphakathini. Abanye ochwepheshe badluliselwa efektri yePump Pump. Ngo-1956, 837t weama-valves aphansi aphansibakhiqizwa, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwesisindo sama-valves aphezulu naphakathi aphakathi kwaqala. Ngo-1959, kwakhiqizwa ama-valve angama-42113t, kufaka phakathi i-1291T yama-valve aphezulu naphakathi. Ngo-1962, kwaqanjwa kabusha i-Shenyang High and Medium Pressure Valve Factory futhi yaba ngenye yamabhizinisi amakhulu abuyela emuva embonini yeValve.
3. Umvuthwandaba wokuqala wokukhiqiza i-valve
Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokusungulwa kweNew China, ukukhiqizwa kwe-valve yezwe lami kwakuxazululwa ikakhulukazi ngokubambisana nezimpi. Esikhathini esithi "Great Leap Phandulela", imboni ye-Valve yezwe lami yathola umvuthwandaba wayo wokuqala. Ukukhishwa kweValve: 387t ngo-1949, 8126T ngo-1956, ngo-49746T ngo-1959, ngezikhathi eziyi-128,5 ezingo-1949, nezikhathi ezi-6,1 ezizokwakhiwa kwangasese komphakathi. Ukukhiqizwa kwama-valves aphezulu futhi aphakathi nendawo aqale sekwephuzile, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwesisindo kwaqala ngo-1956, ngokuphuma konyaka kwe-175t. Ngo-1959, okukhishwa kufinyelelwe ku-1799t, okwakungamahlandla angu-10.3 ngonyaka we-1956. Ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kokwakhiwa kwezomnotho kukazwelonke kukhuthaze izithuthuthu ezinkulu zomkhakha we-valve. Ngo-1955, ifektri yaseShanghai Lianggong Valve Valve ngempumelelo izama ukuqulwa kwe-valve yesihlahla sikaKhisimusi ye-Yumen Oilfield; I-Shanghai Yuanda, Zhongxin, Weiye, Rongfa kanye nezinye izinsizakusebenza zomshini okhiqizwe ngensimbi, ama-valves aphakathi nendawo aphezulu kanye nama-valves aphezulu ama-valves we-PN160 ne-PN320; I-Shenyang General Machchnical Factory kanye ne-Suzhou Iron Factory (ifektri yaseSuzhou Valve) ama-valves akhiqizwa ngempumelelo yefektri yomanyolo kaJilin Chefficage In Corvel Corporation; I-Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory ephumelele ukuqulwa kwesango likagesi nge-valve kagesi ngosayizi we-DN3000. Kwakuyi-valve enkulu kakhulu futhi enzima kunazo zonke eChina ngaleso sikhathi; I-Shenyang General Machchnical Callecting Factory ekhiqizwa ngempumelelo ama-valves we-Ultra-aphezulu aphezulu ngosayizi we-DN3 ~ DN10 nezingcindezi ze-PN1500 ~ PN2000 ye-Polyethylene Interpresylene Iphakathi Lokuhlola Idivayisi; Ifektri yensimbi yaseShanghai yakwaShanghai yakhiqizwa embonini ye-metallurgical the izinga lokushisa elishisayo le-Hot Air valve ngosayizi we-DN600 ne-flue valve ye-DN900; Ifektri ye-Dalian valve, ifektri ye-wafangdian valve, njll. Ikuthole ukuthuthuka okusheshayo. Ukwanda kwezinhlobonhlobo nobungako bama-valves kukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha we-valve. Ikakhulu ngezidingo zokwakha "ze-Great Leap Phambili phambili", ama-valve ama-valve amancane aqhamukele ezweni lonke. Ngo-1958, amabhizinisi okukhiqiza e-National Valve acishe abe nekhulu, akha iqembu elikhulu lokukhiqiza i-valve. Ngo-1958, umphumela ophelele wama-valve wasukuma waya kuma-24,163t, kwanda ama-80% ngaphezulu kuka-1957; Ngalesi sikhathi, ukukhiqizwa kwe-valve yezwe lami kwaba umvuthwandaba wayo wokuqala. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokwethulwa kwabakhiqizi be-valve, futhi kwaletha nochungechunge lwezinkinga. Isibonelo: Ukulandela inani kuphela, hhayi ikhwalithi; "Ukwenza okuncane nokwenza izindlela ezinkulu, zendawo", ukuntuleka kwezimo zobuchwepheshe; design ngenkathi wenza, ukuntuleka kwemibono ejwayelekile; Kopisha bese ukopisha, kubangele ukudideka kobuchwepheshe. Ngenxa yezinqubomgomo zabo ezihlukile, ngalinye linesethi yezitayela ezahlukene. Igama lamagama ama-valves alifani ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, futhi ingcindezi yokuqothuka kanye nochungechunge lobukhulu bokubina aluwona umfaniswano. Amanye amafektri abhekisela kumazinga eSoviet, amanye abhekisela kumazinga aseJapan, kanti amanye abhekisela kumazinga aseMelika naseBrithani. Ukudideka kakhulu. Ngokwezinhlobonhlobo, imininingwane, ubukhulu bokuxhumeka, izimo zokuhlola, izimo zokuhlola, amazinga wokuhlola, amamaki wokupenda, amakhemikhali aqinisekisiwe, futhi izinzuzo zezomnotho azithuthukiswa. Isimo ngaleso sikhathi 'sahlakazeka, esiphithiphithi, esimbalwa, futhi esiphansi ", okungukuthi, ama-valve amafekrati ahlakazeka yonke indawo, uhlelo lokuphathwa kwenhlekelele, ukuntuleka kwamazinga obuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe kanye nemikhiqizo ephansi. Ukuze ubuyise lesi simo, uMbuso uthathe isinqumo sokuhlela abasebenzi abafanele ukwenza ucwaningo lokukhiqiza kuzwelonkeI-valveimboni.
4. Ucwaningo lokuqala lokukhiqiza i-National Valve
Ukuze uthole isimo sokukhiqizwa kwe-valve, ngo-1958, ama-bureas okuqala nowesithathu koMnyango wokuqala wemishini ahlele inhlolovo ye-National Valve Production. Ithimba labaphenyi laya ezifundeni ezi-4 namadolobha angama-24 eNortheast China, eNyakatho China, e-East China naseChina maphakathi neChina ukwenza uphenyo olunzulu emafektri aphelele ama-90. Lesi inhlolovo ye-valve yokuqala yezwe lonke selokhu kwasungulwa kweRiphabhulikhi Yabantu baseChina. Ngaleso sikhathi, inhlolovo egxile kubakhiqizi be-valve ngezinga elikhudlwana nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi kanye nemishini, efana nefektri ye-Shenyang General Doctor, i-Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory, ne-Valian Valve. Ifektri, ifektri ye-Hardware ye-Hardware (eyandulelwa ye-Beijing Valve Factory), ifektri ye-Wafangdian valve, ifektri yama-valve, abakhiqizi abaningana eShanghai naseShanghai Pipeline switch 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 no-6 Factories, njll.
Ngophenyo, izinkinga eziphambili ezikhona eValve Production ziye zatholakala ngokuyisisekelo:
1) Ukuntuleka kokuhlela okuphelele kanye nokwahlukana okunengqondo kwabasebenzi, okuholela ekukhiqizweni okuphindaphindiwe kanye nokuthinta umthamo wokukhiqiza.
2) Amazinga womkhiqizo we-Valve ahlanganisiwe, okubangele ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ekukhetheni nasekunakekelweni komsebenzisi.
3) Isisekelo sokukalwa kanye nomsebenzi wokuhlola simpofu kakhulu, futhi kunzima ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ye-valve nokukhiqizwa kwesisindo.
Ukuphendula izinkinga ezingenhla, iqembu lokuphenya lehlela izinyathelo ezintathu eziya ezinkonzweni nase-Bureaus, kufaka phakathi ukuqinisa ukuhlela okuphelele, ukuhlukaniswa okunengqondo komsebenzi, nokuhlela ukukhiqizwa kanye nokusebenza kwebhalansi; ukuqinisa okujwayelekile nomsebenzi wokuhlola ngokomzimba nangamakhemikhali, okwakha izindinganiso ze-valve ezihlanganisiwe; kanye nokwenza ucwaningo lokuhlola. 1. Abaholi be-3rd Bureau banamathele ukubaluleka okukhulu kulokhu. Okokuqala, bagxile emsebenzini wokuhlanganisa okujwayelekile. Baphathise imishini yokucwaninga kobuchwepheshe boMnyango Wezomkonke woMnyango ukuhlela abakhiqizi be-valve abafanele ukwakha amazinga we-Pipeline-akhishwe embonini ngo-1961. Ukuze aqondise ukwakheka kwe-valve yefektri ngayinye, lesi sikhungo selihlanganise futhi saprinta i- "Valve Design Manual". I-Pipeline Access ekilasini ekhishwe yinkonzo yibhadwe lokuqala lezindinganiso ze-valve ezweni lami, futhi i-valve design ebhukwini "yiyona ndlela yokuqala ye-valve design yezobuchwepheshe ihlanganiswe nenqubo yokwenza imikhiqizo ye-valve ezweni lami. Ngalesi sivivinyo ezweni lonke, i-crux yokuthuthuka embonini yezwe lami kule minyaka eyi-10 eyedlule itholakele, futhi kuthathwe izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuqeda ngokuphelele ukulingiswa kwesiphithiphithi kokukhiqizwa kwe-valve nokuntuleka kwamazinga we-valve. Ubuchwepheshe bezokukhiqiza buthathe igxathu elikhulu phambili futhi baqala ukungena esigabeni esisha sokuziqhenya kanye nenhlangano yokukhiqizwa kwabantu abaningi.
Isifinyezo se-03
Kusukela ngo-1949 kuya ku-1959, izwe lamiisivalwanaImboni isheshe yabuyiselwa ekungcoleni kweChina yakudala futhi yaqala ukuqala; kusuka kulungiswa, mbumbulu ukuze uzinzedEsagn futhi yenziwe, kusukela ekwenziweni kwama-valves aphansi okucindezela ukukhiqizwa kwama-valve aphezulu naphakathi aphakathi, ekuqaleni kwakha imboni yezokukhiqiza i-valve. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwejubane lokukhiqiza, kukhona nezinkinga ezithile. Njengoba yafakwa ohlelweni lukazwelonke, ngaphansi kokuphathwa okumaphakathi kwenkonzo yokuqala yemishini, imbangela yale nkinga itholakele ngokuphenya kanye nocwaningo, kanye nezixazululo nezindlela ezisebenzayo futhi ezisebenzayo zithathiwe ukunika amandla ukukhiqizwa kwe-valve ukuhambisana nejubane lokwakhiwa kwezomnotho kazwelonke, kanye nokuthuthuka komkhakha we-valve. Futhi ukwakheka kwezinhlangano zezimboni kubeke isisekelo esihle.
Isikhathi sePosi: Jul-27-2022
