Uhlolojikelele
Ivalvuiwumkhiqizo obalulekile emishinini ejwayelekile. Ifakwe kumapayipi ahlukahlukene noma kumadivayisi ukulawula ukuhamba kwe-medium ngokushintsha indawo yesiteshi ku-valve. Imisebenzi yayo yilena: ukuxhuma noma ukusika okuphakathi, vimbela okuphakathi ukuthi kungagelezi emuva, lungisa imingcele efana nokucindezela okuphakathi nokugeleza, shintsha isiqondiso sokugeleza kwendawo ephakathi, ukuhlukanisa okuphakathi noma ukuvikela amapayipi nemishini ekucindezelweni ngokweqile, njll.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo ye-valve, ehlukaniswe yabai-valve yesango, i-globe valve,hlola i-valve, i-valve yebhola,uvemvane valve, i-valve yepulaki, i-diaphragm valve, i-valve yokuphepha, i-valve yokulawula (i-valve yokulawula), i-throttle valve, i-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi kanye ne-Traps, njll; Ngokusho indaba, ihlukaniswe yaba ingxubevange yethusi, cast iron, carbon steel, ingxubevange steel, austenitic steel, ferritic-austenitic dual-phase steel, ingxubevange nickel-based, titanium ingxubevange, plastics zobunjiniyela namavalvu Ceramic, njll Ngaphezu kwalokho. , kunamavalvu akhethekile njengama-ultra-high pressure valves, amavacuum valve, amavalvu esiteshi samandla kagesi, amavalvu amapayipi namapayipi, amavalvu emboni yenuzi, amavalvu emikhumbi namavalvu e-cryogenic. Ububanzi obubanzi bemingcele ye-valve, usayizi wegama kusuka ku-DN1 (iyunithi ngo-mm) kuya ku-DN9750; ingcindezi yokulinganisa evela ku-ultra-vacuum engu-1× 10-10 mmHg (1mmHg = 133.322Pa) kuya ku-ultra-high pressure ye-PN14600 (iyunithi ye-105 Pa); Izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo lisukela kumazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu -269℃izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu lika-1200℃.
Imikhiqizo ye-valve asetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni eyahlukene yomnotho wezwe, njengowoyela, igesi yemvelo, ukuhluzwa kukawoyela negesi kanye nokucutshungulwa kanye nezinhlelo zokuthutha amapayipi, imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, izinhlelo zokukhiqiza imithi nokudla, amandla aphehlwa ngamanzi, amandla ashisayo kanye nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza amandla enuzi; Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-valve zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekushiseni nasekunikezeni amandla kagesi, izinhlelo zokukhiqiza i-metallurgical, izinhlelo eziwuketshezi zemikhumbi, izimoto, izindiza kanye nemishini ehlukahlukene yezemidlalo, kanye nezinhlelo zokuchelela nokukhipha amanzi endaweni yokulima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emikhakheni yobuchwepheshe obusha njengokuzivikela kanye ne-aerospace, ama-valve ahlukahlukene anezakhiwo ezikhethekile nawo asetshenziswa.
Imikhiqizo yamavalvu ibala ingxenye enkulu yemikhiqizo eyimishini. Ngokwezibalo zamazwe angaphandle anezimboni, inani eliphumayo lama-valve libalelwa ku-5% yenani lokuphumayo layo yonke imboni yemishini. Ngokwezibalo, isikhungo samandla enuzi esivamile esakhiwe ngamayunithi angama-kilowatt ayizigidi ezimbili sinama-valve ahlanganyelwayo angaba ngu-28,000, cishe angu-12,000 angama-valve eziqhingini zenuzi. Indawo yesimanje ye-petrochemical complex idinga amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamavalvu ahlukahlukene, futhi ukutshalwa kwezimali kumavalvu ngokuvamile kubala u-8% kuya ku-10% wesamba sokutshalwa kwezimali kumishini.
Isimo esijwayelekile semboni ye-valve e-China yakudala
01 Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo imboni yamavalvu yaseChina: Shanghai
E-China yakudala, iShanghai yaba yindawo yokuqala yokwakha ama-valve e-China. Ngo-1902, iPan Shunji Copper Workshop, eseWuchang Road, esifundeni saseHongkou, eShanghai, yaqala ukwenza amaqoqo amancane ompompi betiye ngesandla. Umpompi wetiye uwuhlobo lweqhude lethusi. Ingumkhiqizi wama-valve wokuqala e-China owaziwayo kuze kube manje. Ngo-1919, i-Deda (Shengji) Hardware Factory (eyandulela i-Shanghai Transmission Machinery Factory) yaqala ngebhayisikili elincane futhi yaqala ukukhiqiza amaqhude ethusi anobubanzi obuncane, ama-globe valves, ama-valve esango kanye nezinsimbi zokucima umlilo. Ukukhiqizwa kwama-valve ensimbi okusansimbi kwaqala ngo-1926, ngosayizi olinganiselwe we-NPS6 (ngama-intshi, i-NPS1 = DN25.4). Ngalesi sikhathi, izimboni ze-hardware ezifana ne-Wang Yingqiang, i-Dahua, i-Lao Demao ne-Maoxu nazo zavulwa ukuze zenze ama-valve. Kamuva, ngenxa yokwanda kwesidingo sama-valve amapayipi emakethe, kwavulwa elinye iqoqo lezimboni ze-hardware, izimboni zensimbi, izimboni ze-sand foundry (casting) nezimboni zemishini zavulwa ukuze zenze ama-valve ngokulandelana.
Iqembu elikhiqiza ama-valve lakhiwa ezindaweni zase-Zhonghongqiao, Waihongqiao, Daming Road kanye no-Changzhi Road e-Hongkou District, e-Shanghai. Ngaleso sikhathi, izinhlobo ezithengiswa kakhulu emakethe yasekhaya kwakuyi "Horse Head", "Three 8", "Three 9", "Double Coin", "Iron Anchor", "Chicken Ball" kanye "ne-Eagle Ball". Imikhiqizo ye-low-pressure cast cast iron valve kanye ne-cast iron iron isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ama-valve amapayipi ezakhiweni zokwakha kanye nezindawo zokuhlanzeka, kanti inani elincane lama-valve ensimbi ensimbi liyasetshenziswa futhi emkhakheni wemboni yendwangu ekhanyayo. Lawa mafekthri mancane kakhulu ngesilinganiso, anobuchwepheshe obubuyela emuva, imishini yezitshalo elula kanye nokukhipha ama-valve aphansi, kodwa ayindawo yokuqala yokuzalwa kwemboni yamavalvu yaseChina. Kamuva, ngemva kokusungulwa kwe-Shanghai Construction Hardware Association, laba bakhi bamavalvu bajoyine inhlangano ngemva komunye futhi baba yiqembu lendlela yamanzi. ilungu.
02Izimboni ezimbili zokukhiqiza ama-valve amakhulu
Ekuqaleni kuka-1930, i-Shanghai Shenhe Machinery Factory yakha amavalvu esango lensimbi angaphansi kwe-NPS12 ukuze asebenze. Ngo-1935, imboni yasungula ibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe ne-Xiangfeng Iron Pipe Factory kanye nabanikazi bamasheya be-Xiangtai Iron Co., Ltd. ukuze kwakhiwe i-Daxin Iron Factory (eyandulela i-Shanghai Bicycle Factory), ngo-1936 Iqedwe futhi yafakwa emkhiqizweni, cishe kunabasebenzi abayi-100. , nge-zhang engu-2.6 engenisiwe (1 zhang≈3.33m) amalatha kanye nemishini yokuphakamisa, ikakhulukazi ekhiqiza izesekeli zezimboni nezezimayini, amapayipi amanzi ensimbi asakazwayo namavalvu ensimbi, usayizi ojwayelekile wevalvu ngu-NPS6 ~ NPS18, futhi Ingakwazi ukuklama futhi inikeze amasethi aphelele ama-valve ezitshalweni zamanzi, futhi imikhiqizo ithunyelwa eNanjing, Hangzhou naseBeijing. Ngemuva kokuthi "ngo-Agasti 13" abahlaseli baseJapan bathathe iShanghai ngo-1937, iningi lemishini nemishini efektri yacekelwa phansi umlilo wezikhali zaseJapan. Ngonyaka olandelayo yandisa imali futhi yaqala kabusha umsebenzi. I-NPS14 ~ NPS36 amavalvu esango lensimbi, kodwa ngenxa yokucindezeleka komnotho, ibhizinisi elivilaphayo, nokudilizwa kwenani eliphansi, abakwazanga ukusimama kwaze kwaba ngobusuku bokusungulwa kwe-New China.
Ngo-1935, abanikazi bamasheya abahlanu okuhlanganisa no-Li Chenghai, usomabhizinisi kazwelonke, ngokuhlanganyela basungula i-Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory (eyandulela i-Tieling Valve Factory) ku-Shishiwei Road, esifundeni saseNancheng, eDolobheni laseShenyang. Lungisa futhi wenze ama-valve. Ngo-1939, ifekthri yathuthelwa ku-Beierma Road, esifundeni sase-Tiexi ukuze yandiswe, futhi kwakhiwa izinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi ezimbili ezinkulu zokulingisa nokwenza imishini. Ngo-1945, lase likhule laba nabasebenzi abangu-400, futhi imikhiqizo yalo eyinhloko kwakuwukuthi: ama-boilers amakhulu, ama-valve e-copper cast, namavalvu esango lensimbi angaphansi komhlaba anosayizi ongaphansi kwe-DN800. I-Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory ingumkhiqizi wamavalvu olwela ukuphila eChina yakudala.
03Imboni yamavalvu ngemuva
Ngesikhathi seMpi Yase-Anti-Japanese, amabhizinisi amaningi e-Shanghai nakwezinye izindawo athuthela eningizimu-ntshonalanga, ngakho isibalo samabhizinisi e-Chongqing nezinye izindawo endaweni engemuva sakhula, futhi imboni yaqala ukuthuthuka. Ngo-1943, i-Chongqing Hongtai Machinery Factory kanye ne-Huachang Machinery Factory (zombili izimboni zingabanduleli be-Chongqing Valve Factory) zaqala ukulungisa nokwenza izingxenye zamapayipi namavalvu anomfutho ophansi, okwabamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sempi ngemuva nokuxazulula izakhamuzi. ama-valve. Ngemuva kokunqoba kweMpi Yase-Anti-Japanese, i-Lisheng Hardware Factory, i-Zhenxing Industrial Society, i-Jinshunhe Hardware Factory kanye ne-Qiyi Hardware Factory yavulwa ngokulandelana ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-valve amancane. Ngemuva kokusungulwa kweNew China, lezi zimboni zahlanganiswa zaba yiChongqing Valve Factory.
Ngaleso sikhathi, abanyeabakhiqizi be-valveeShanghai futhi waya eTianjin, eNanjing naseWuxi ukuze kwakhiwe izimboni zokulungisa nokwenza amavalvu. Ezinye izimboni zehardware, izimboni zamapayipi ensimbi, izimboni zemishini noma izindawo zemikhumbi e-Beijing, e-Dalian, e-Changchun, e-Harbin, e-Anshan, e-Qingdao, e-Wuhan, e-Fuzhou nase-Guangzhou nazo bezibambisene ekulungiseni nasekukhiqizeni ama-valve amapayipi amanzi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-21-2022
