Ukubuka konke
Ivalvuiwumkhiqizo obalulekile emishinini evamile. Ifakwa kumapayipi noma kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene ukulawula ukugeleza kwe-medium ngokushintsha indawo yesiteshi ku-valve. Imisebenzi yayo yile: ukuxhuma noma ukunquma i-medium, ukuvimbela i-medium ukuthi igeleze emuva, ukulungisa amapharamitha afana nokucindezela okuphakathi kanye nokugeleza, ukushintsha indlela yokugeleza kwe-medium, ukuhlukanisa i-medium noma ukuvikela amapayipi nemishini ekucindezelweni ngokweqile, njll.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo yama-valve, ezihlukaniswe ngezigabaivalvu yesango, ivalvu yomhlaba,ivalvu yokuhlola, ivalvu yebhola,ivalvu yebhabhathane, i-plug valve, i-diaphragm valve, i-safety valve, i-regulating valve (control valve), i-throttle valve, i-pressure reducing valve kanye ne-Traps, njll.; Ngokusho kwezinto, ihlukaniswe nge-copper alloy, i-cast iron, i-carbon steel, i-alloy steel, i-austenitic steel, i-ferritic-austenitic dual-phase steel, i-nickel-based alloy, i-titanium alloy, ipulasitiki yobunjiniyela kanye nama-ceramic valve, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kune-valve ekhethekile efana nama-valve okucindezela okuphezulu kakhulu, ama-vacuum valve, ama-power station valve, ama-valve amapayipi namapayipi, ama-valve embonini yenuzi, ama-valve emikhumbi nama-cryogenic valve. Uhla olubanzi lwemingcele ye-valve, usayizi ojwayelekile kusukela ku-DN1 (iyunithi ku-mm) kuya ku-DN9750; ingcindezi eqondile kusukela ku-ultra-vacuum ka-1× 10-10 mmHg (1mmHg = 133.322Pa) kuya kungcindezi ephezulu kakhulu ye-PN14600 (iyunithi engu-105 Pa); Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza lisukela ekushiseni okuphansi kakhulu okungu--269℃kuya ekushiseni okuphezulu kakhulu okungu-1200℃.
Imikhiqizo ye-valve zisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yomnotho wezwe, njenge-oyela, igesi yemvelo, ukuhluzwa kwe-oyela negesi kanye nezinhlelo zokuthutha ngamapayipi, imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, izinhlelo zemithi nokukhiqiza ukudla, ugesi wamanzi, ugesi oshisayo kanye nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza amandla enuzi; Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamavalvu zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni zokushisa nokunikeza ugesi, izinhlelo zokukhiqiza insimbi, izinhlelo zoketshezi zemikhumbi, izimoto, izindiza kanye nemishini yezemidlalo ehlukahlukene, kanye nezinhlelo zokunisela nokukhipha amanzi ezindaweni zokulima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emikhakheni yobuchwepheshe obusha njengokuvikela kanye nezindiza, amavalvu ahlukahlukene anezakhiwo ezikhethekile nawo ayasetshenziswa.
Imikhiqizo yamavalvu ihlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yemikhiqizo yemishini. Ngokwezibalo zamazwe angaphandle athuthukile, inani lokukhipha lamavalvu lihlanganisa cishe u-5% wenani lokukhipha lomkhakha wonke wemishini. Ngokwezibalo, isitshalo samandla enuzi sendabuko esakhiwe ngamayunithi ayizigidi ezimbili zama-kilowatt sinamavalvu ahlanganyelwe angaba ngu-28,000, lapho angaba ngu-12,000 awo angamavalvu esiqhingi senuzi. Isakhiwo sesimanje esikhulu se-petrochemical sidinga amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamavalvu ahlukahlukene, kanti ukutshalwa kwezimali kumavalvu ngokuvamile kubala u-8% kuya ku-10% wenani lonke lokutshalwa kwezimali emishinini.
Isimo esijwayelekile semboni yama-valve eShayina yakudala
01 Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo imboni yama-valve eShayina: eShanghai
EShayina yakudala, iShanghai yayiyindawo yokuqala yokwenza ama-valve eShayina. Ngo-1902, iPan Shunji Copper Workshop, etholakala eWuchang Road, eHongkou District, eShanghai, yaqala ukukhiqiza amaqoqo amancane ama-teapot faucet ngesandla. I-teapot faucet uhlobo lwe-cast copper cock. Ingumkhiqizi wama-valve wokuqala eShayina owaziwayo kuze kube manje. Ngo-1919, iDeda (Shengji) Hardware Factory (eyandulela iShanghai Transmission Machinery Factory) yaqala ngebhayisikili elincane yaqala ukukhiqiza ama-cock ethusi anobubanzi obuncane, ama-globe valve, ama-gate valve kanye nama-fire hydrant. Ukwenziwa kwama-cast iron valve kwaqala ngo-1926, ngosayizi omkhulu we-NPS6 (ngamasentimitha, i-NPS1 = DN25.4). Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izimboni zehadiwe ezifana neWang Yingqiang, iDahua, iLao Demao kanye neMaoxu nazo zavula ukukhiqiza ama-valve. Ngemva kwalokho, ngenxa yokwanda kwesidingo sama-valve okufaka amapayipi emakethe, kwavulwa elinye iqembu lamafektri e-hardware, amafektri ensimbi, amafektri okufaka isisekelo sesihlabathi kanye namafektri omshini ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-valve ngokulandelana.
Kwakhiwa iqembu lokukhiqiza ama-valve ezindaweni zaseZhonghongqiao, eWaihongqiao, eDaming Road kanye naseChangzhi Road eHongkou District, eShanghai. Ngaleso sikhathi, izinhlobo ezithengiswa kakhulu emakethe yasekhaya kwakuyi-“Horse Head”, “Three 8″, “Three 9″, “Double Coin”, “Iron Anchor”, “Chicken Ball” kanye ne-“Eagle Ball”. Imikhiqizo yama-valve ethusi nensimbi ephonswe ngomfutho ophansi isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-valve okufaka amapayipi ezakhiweni nasezindaweni zokuhlanzeka, kanti inani elincane lama-valve ensimbi ephonswe ngomfutho liyasetshenziswa nasembonini yendwangu elula. Lawa mafektri mancane kakhulu ngobukhulu, anobuchwepheshe obubuyela emuva, imishini yezitshalo elula kanye nomkhiqizo ophansi wama-valve, kodwa ayizindawo zokuqala zokuzalwa kwemboni yama-valve yaseShayina. Kamuva, ngemva kokusungulwa kwe-Shanghai Construction Hardware Association, laba bakhiqizi bama-valve bajoyine inhlangano ngokulandelana futhi baba yilungu leqembu le-waterway.
02 Izitshalo ezimbili ezinkulu zokukhiqiza ama-valve
Ekuqaleni kuka-1930, iShanghai Shenhe Machinery Factory yakhiqiza ama-valve esango lensimbi elinomfutho ophansi ngaphansi kwe-NPS12 emisebenzini yamanzi. Ngo-1935, le fektri yasungula ukubambisana neXiangfeng Iron Pipe Factory kanye nabanikazi bamasheya beXiangtai Iron Co., Ltd. ukwakha iDaxin Iron Factory (eyandulela iShanghai Bicycle Factory), ngo-1936 Yaqedwa futhi yafakwa ekukhiqizweni, kunabasebenzi abacishe babe yi-100, kanye ne-2.6 zhang (1 zhang) engenisiwe.≈Imishini yokuphakamisa engu-3.33m) kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi ekhiqiza izesekeli zezimboni nezezimayini, amapayipi amanzi ensimbi ephonswe kanye namavalvu ensimbi ephonswe, ubukhulu obujwayelekile bevalvu yi-NPS6 ~ NPS18, futhi Ingaklama futhi inikeze amasethi aphelele amavalvu ezitshalo zamanzi, futhi imikhiqizo ithunyelwa eNanjing, eHangzhou naseBeijing. Ngemva kokuba abahlaseli baseJapan “bango-Agasti 13” bethathe iShanghai ngo-1937, iningi lesitshalo kanye nemishini efektri yabhujiswa ngomlilo wezikhali zaseJapan. Ngonyaka olandelayo kwanda imali futhi kwaqala ukusebenza. Amavalvu esango lensimbi ephonswe yi-NPS14 ~ NPS36, kodwa ngenxa yokuwohloka komnotho, ibhizinisi elihamba kancane, kanye nokudilizwa kwezindleko zokonga imali, awakwazanga ukululama kwaze kwaba ngaphambi kokusungulwa kweNew China.
Ngo-1935, abanikazi bamasheya abahlanu okubalwa kubo uLi Chenghai, usomabhizinisi kazwelonke, basungula ngokubambisana iShenyang Chengfa Iron Factory (eyandulela iTieling Valve Factory) eShishiwei Road, eNancheng District, eShenyang City. Lungisa futhi ukhiqize amavalvu. Ngo-1939, ifektri yathuthelwa eBeierma Road, eTiexi District ukuze yandiswe, kwathi kwakhiwa ama-workshop amabili amakhulu okukhiqiza nokukhiqiza. Ngo-1945, yayisikhule yaba ngabasebenzi abangu-400, futhi imikhiqizo yayo eyinhloko kwakuyi: ama-boiler amakhulu, amavalvu ethusi aqoshiwe, namavalvu esango lensimbi eqoshiwe engaphansi komhlaba anosayizi ojwayelekile ongaphansi kwe-DN800. IShenyang Chengfa Iron Factory ingumkhiqizi wamavalvu olwela ukusinda eShayina yakudala.
03 Imboni yama-valve ngemuva
Ngesikhathi seMpi Yokulwa NamaJapane, amabhizinisi amaningi eShanghai nakwezinye izindawo athuthela eningizimu-ntshonalanga, ngakho inani lamabhizinisi eChongqing nakwezinye izindawo endaweni engemuva landa, futhi imboni yaqala ukuthuthuka. Ngo-1943, iChongqing Hongtai Machinery Factory kanye neHuachang Machinery Factory (zombili izimboni zazingaphambi kweChongqing Valve Factory) zaqala ukulungisa nokukhiqiza izingxenye zamapayipi kanye namavalvu anomfutho ophansi, okwadlala indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni ukukhiqizwa kwesikhathi sempi ngemuva nasekuxazululeni amavalvu omphakathi. Ngemva kokunqoba kweMpi Yokulwa NamaJapane, iLisheng Hardware Factory, iZhenxing Industrial Society, iJinshunhe Hardware Factory kanye neQiyi Hardware Factory zavulwa ngokulandelana ukuze zikhiqize amavalvu amancane. Ngemva kokusungulwa kweNew China, la mafektri ahlanganiswa abe yiChongqing Valve Factory.
Ngaleso sikhathi, abanyeabakhiqizi bama-valveeShanghai futhi waya eTianjin, eNanjing naseWuxi ukuyokwakha izimboni zokulungisa nokukhiqiza amavalvu. Ezinye izimboni zehadiwe, izimboni zamapayipi ensimbi, izimboni zemishini noma izindawo zokubeka imikhumbi eBeijing, eDalian, eChangchun, eHarbin, e-Anshan, eQingdao, eWuhan, eFuzhou naseGuangzhou nazo bezilokhu zisebenza ekulungiseni nasekukhiqizeni amanye amavalvu okufaka amapayipi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-21-2022
