Iivalvu yesangoiyivalvu evamile evamile enezindlela eziningi zokusetshenziswa. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kwezokulondolozwa kwamanzi, i-metallurgy kanye neminye imboni. Ukusebenza kwayo okukhulu kuye kwaqashelwazithuthukiswe yimakethe. Eminyakeni eminingi yokuqapha nokuhlola ikhwalithi kanye nobuchwepheshe, umbhali akenzanga nje ucwaningo oluthile ngokutholakala kwevalvu yesango, kodwa futhi nokusetshenziswa kwevalvu yesango, ngenze ucwaningo olucophelelayo nolucophelelayo.
Okulandelayo ingxoxo evamile ngesakhiwo, ukusetshenziswa, ukuxazulula izinkinga, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi kanye nezinye izici zevalvu yesango.
Isakhiwo
Isakhiwo se-ivalvu yesango: Iivalvu yesangokuyintoivalvuesebenzisa ipuleti lesango kanye nesihlalo sevalvu ukulawula ukuvulwa nokuvalwa.ivalvu yesangoikakhulukazi iqukethe umzimba we-valve, isihlalo se-valve, ipuleti lesango, isiqu se-valve, isembozo se-valve, incwadi yokupakisha, isembozo sokucindezela kokupakisha, i-nut yesiqu se-valve, isandla-isondo, njll. Kuye ngokushintsha kwesimo esihlobene phakathi kwesango nesihlalo sevalvu, usayizi wesiteshi ungashintshwa futhi isiteshi singanqunywa. Ukuze kuvalwe ivalvu yesango ngokuqinile, ipuleti lesango nesihlalo sevalvu kuyagaywa.
Ngokuya ngesimo esihlukile sesakhiwo sevalvu yesango, ivalvu yesango ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: i-wedge kanye ne-parallel.
Ipuleti lesango levalvu yesango le-wedge lisesimweni esihle, futhi indawo yokuvala ithambekele emgqeni ophakathi wesiteshi. I-wedge ephakathi kwepuleti lesango nesihlalo sevalvu isetshenziselwa ukuvala (ukuvala). Ipuleti le-wedge lingaba yisango elilodwa noma isango eliphindwe kabili.
Ubuso bokuvala bevalvu yesango elihambisanayo buhambisana futhi buqondile emgqeni ophakathi wesiteshi. Buhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili: indlela evulekile kanye nendlela engavuli. Kukhona isango eliphindwe kabili elinomshini ovulekile. Lapho isango lehla, ama-wedge amasango amabili ahambisanayo asekela amasango amabili esihlalweni sevalvu emthambekeni futhi anqume isiteshi sokugeleza. Lapho isango liphakama futhi livuleka, ifosholo kanye nesango kuyasebenzisana nesango kuyahlukaniswa, isango liphakama liye ekuphakameni okuthile, futhi i-wedge ibanjwe yi-con. Ipuleti lesango eliphindwe kabili ngaphandle komshini ovulekile. Lapho ipuleti lesango lingena esihlalweni sevalvu eceleni kwezihlalo ezimbili zevalvu ezihambisanayo, ingcindezi yoketshezi isetshenziselwa ukucindezela ipuleti lesango emzimbeni wevalvu ohlangothini lwe-valve lokukhipha uketshezi.
Ngokusho kokunyakaza okuhlukene kwesiqu se-valve lapho isango livulwa futhi livalwa, i-valve yesango ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: i-valve yesango enebha evulekile kanye ne-valve yesango enebha emnyama. Lapho isiqu se-valve kanye ne-plate yesango ye-valve yesango enebha evulekile kuvulwa noma kuvalwa, kuyaphakama futhi kwehle ngesikhathi esifanayo; lapho i-valve yesango enebha emnyama ivulwa noma ivalwa, isiqu se-valve sizungeziswa kuphela, ukuphakama nokuwa kwesiqu se-valve akubonakali, futhi i-valve plate iphakanyisiwe noma yehliswa. Inzuzo ye-valve yesango enebha evulekile ukuthi ingahlulela ukuphakama kokuvula kwesiteshi ngokuphakama okukhuphukayo kwesiqu se-valve, kodwa ingafinyeza ukuphakama kokubamba. Uma ubhekene nesandla-isondo noma isibambo, phendula isandla-isondo noma isibambo ngokwewashi, bese ivalvu ivalwa.
Isikhathi kanye nomgomo wokukhetha wokusetshenziswa kwe-valve yesango lesibili:
Ifulethi elingu-01ivalvu yesango
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-valve yesango eliyisicaba:
(1) Amapayipi okudlulisa uwoyela negesi yemvelo, ama-valve amasango ayisicaba anezimbobo zokuchezukisa nawo alungele ukuhlanza amapayipi.
(2) Amapayipi okudlulisa kanye nemishini yokugcina uwoyela ocwengekile.
(3) Amadivayisi okukhipha uwoyela negesi yemvelo.
(4) Amapayipi ane-particle media elengayo.
(5) Ipayipi lokudlulisa igesi emadolobheni.
(6) Iphrojekthi yokuphakelwa kwamanzi.
Isimiso sokukhetha i-valve yesango eliyisicaba:
(1) Kumapayipi okudlulisa uwoyela negesi yemvelo, khetha amavalvu esango ayisicaba anamasango angawodwa noma amasango amabili. Uma udinga ukuhlanza ipayipi, khetha ivalvu yesango eliyisicaba enesango elilodwa elinembobo yokuphambukisa.
(2) Ngepayipi lokudlulisa kanye nemishini yokugcina uwoyela ocwengekile, khetha isango elilodwa elingenambobo yokuphambukisa noma ivalvu yesango eliyisicaba enesango eliphindwe kabili.
(3) Kumadivayisi okukhipha uwoyela negesi yemvelo, khetha isango elilodwa elinesihlalo sevalvu esintantayo senduku emnyama esinembobo yokuphambukisa noma ivalvu yesango eliyisicaba enesango eliphindwe kabili.
(4) Kumapayipi ane-particle media elengayo, khetha i-valve yesango lepuleti elinomumo wommese.
(5) Kumapayipi okudlulisa igesi edolobheni, khetha i-valve yesango elilodwa noma i-valve yesango elivulekile elithambile lesango eliphindwe kabili.
(6) Ngobunjiniyela bokuphakelwa kwamanzi, khetha ipuleti lesango elilodwa noma ipuleti lesango eliphindwe kabili elingenambobo yokuphambukisa induku evulekile yesango eliyisicaba.
02 igebeivalvu yesango
Izikhathi ezisebenzayo zevalvu yesango le-wedge: Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamavalvu, ivalvu yesango isetshenziswa kabanzi. Ngokuvamile ifanelekela kuphela ukuvulwa okugcwele noma ukuvalwa okugcwele, futhi ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukulawula nokulawula.
I-valve yesango le-wedge ivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho kungekho mfuneko eqinile yobukhulu bangaphandle be-valve, futhi izimo zokusetshenziswa zinzima kakhulu. Isibonelo, endaweni yokusebenza enokushisa okuphezulu kanye nengcindezi ephezulu, kuyadingeka ukuthi izingxenye ezivaliwe zivalwe isikhathi eside.
Ngokuvamile, lapho izimo zokusetshenziswa noma izidingo zokusebenza kokuvala okuthembekile, umfutho ophezulu, ukunqunywa komfutho ophezulu (umehluko omkhulu wokucindezela), ukunqunywa komfutho ophansi (umehluko omncane wokucindezela), umsindo ophansi, imbobo yomoya kanye nesenzakalo sokuhwamuka, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu eliphakathi nendawo, izinga lokushisa eliphansi (ukubanda okujulile), kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-valve yesango lokubhoboza. Isibonelo, kunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi embonini yamandla, ukuncibilikisa uphethiloli, i-petrochemical, uwoyela ongaphandle kolwandle, ubunjiniyela bamanzi kanye nobunjiniyela bokwelashwa kwendle ekwakheni emadolobheni, kanye nemboni yamakhemikhali.
Umgomo wokukhetha:
(1) Izidingo zezici zoketshezi zevalvu. Ivalvu yesango isetshenziselwa izimo zokusebenza ezinokumelana okuncane kokugeleza, ikhono lokujikeleza kwegazi eliqinile, izici ezinhle zokugeleza kanye nezidingo zokuvala eziqinile.
(2) Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nendawo yokucindezela okuphezulu. Njengemikhiqizo kawoyela enomfutho ophezulu, imikhiqizo kawoyela enomfutho ophezulu kanye nemikhiqizo kawoyela enomfutho ophezulu.
(3) Indawo yokushisa ephansi (ebanda kakhulu). Njenge-ammonia ewuketshezi, i-hydrogen ewuketshezi, i-oxygen ewuketshezi kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo.
(4) Umfutho ophansi kanye nomkhuluusayiziNjengemiklamo yamanzi ompompi kanye nemiklamo yokuhlanza indle.
(5) Indawo yokufaka: khetha ivalvu yesango lenduku emnyama lapho ukuphakama kokufaka kunqunyelwe; khetha ivalvu yesango lenduku evulekile lapho ukuphakama kunganqunyelwe.
(6) Kuphela uma ingavulwa ngokugcwele noma ivalwe ngokuphelele, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukulungisa nokucindezela, lapho ivalvu yesango lokubhoboza ingakhethwa khona.
Amaphutha amathathu avamile kanye nokugcinwa
01 Amaphutha avamile kanye nezimbangela zama-valve esango
Ngemva kokusebenzisa i-valve yesango, izinkinga ezilandelayo zivame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokushisa, ingcindezi, ukugqwala kanye nokunyakaza okuhlobene kokuthintana ngakunye.
(1) Ukuvuza: Kunezinhlobo ezimbili, okungukuthi, ukuvuza kwangaphandle nokuvuza kwangaphakathi. Ukuvuza ngaphandle kwevalvu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuvuza, futhi ukuvuza kuvame ebhokisini lokupakisha kanye nokuxhumeka kwe-flange.
Izizathu zokuvuza kwebhokisi lokupakisha: uhlobo noma ikhwalithi yokupakisha ayihlangabezani nezidingo; ukuguga kokupakisha noma ukuguguleka kwesiqu se-valve; ukukhululeka kwe-gland yokupakisha; ukuklwebheka ebusweni besiqu se-valve.
Izizathu zokuvuza ekuxhumekeni kwe-flange: izinto noma usayizi we-gasket awuhlangabezani nezidingo; ikhwalithi yokucubungula yendawo yokuvala i-flange ayilungile; amabhawodi okuxhuma awaboshelwanga kahle; ukucushwa kwephayiphi akunangqondo, okuholela emithwalweni eyengeziwe eyengeziwe ekuxhumekeni.
Izizathu zokuvuza kwangaphakathi kwevalvu: Ukuvuza okubangelwa ukuvalwa kwevalvu okuxegayo kuwukuvuza kwangaphakathi, okubangelwa umonakalo ebusweni bokuvala kwevalvu noma impande exegayo yendandatho yokuvala.
(1) Ukugqwala kuvame ukugqwala komzimba we-valve, isembozo se-valve, isiqu se-valve kanye nobuso bokuvala i-flange. Ukugqwala kubangelwa kakhulu yisenzo se-medium, kanye nokukhishwa kwama-ion kuma-fillers nama-gasket.
(2) Ukuklwebheka: ukudonsa noma ukuxebuka kwendawo kwenzeka lapho ipuleti lesango kanye nesihlalo sevalvu kunyakaza ngaphansi kwengcindezi ethile yesilinganiso sokuxhumana.
02 Ukulungiswa kwevalvu yesango
(1) Ukulungiswa kokuvuza kwangaphandle kwevalvu
Uma ucindezela i-filler, i-gland bolt ephezulu kufanele ikalwe ukuze kugwenywe ukuthambekela kwe-gland, kushiye isikhala sokucindezela. Ngesikhathi ucindezela i-filler, i-valve stem kufanele iguqulwe ukuze i-filler ezungeze i-valve stem ifane futhi ivimbele ingcindezi ukuthi ife, ukuze ingathinti ukujikeleza kwe-valve stem, yandise ukuguguleka kwe-filler, futhi ifinyeze impilo yenkonzo. Ubuso be-valve stem buyaklwebheka, ukuze kube lula ukuphuma kwe-medium. Kufanele icutshungulwe ukuze kususwe imihuzuko ebusweni be-valve stem ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
Uma ukuvuza kokuxhumeka kwe-flange kulimele, uma i-gasket yonakele, kufanele ishintshwe; uma izinto ze-gasket zingakhethwanga kahle, izinto ezingahlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa kufanele zikhethwe; uma indawo yokuvala i-flange isezingeni eliphansi lokucubungula, indawo yokuvala i-flange kumele isuswe futhi icutshungulwe kabusha kuze kube yilapho ifanelekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqinisa kahle amabhawodi e-flange, ukulungisa kahle ipayipi, nokugwema imithwalo eyengeziwe eyengeziwe ekuxhumekeni kwe-flange kuyasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuvuza ekuxhumekeni kwe-flange.
(2) Ukulungiswa kokuvuza kwangaphakathi kwevalvu
Ukulungiswa kokuvuza kwangaphakathi kuwukuqeda umonakalo ebusweni bokuvala kanye nokuxega kwempande yendandatho yokuvala (lapho indandatho yokuvala inamathele epuletini levalvu noma esihlalweni sevalvu ngokucindezela noma ngentambo). Uma ubuso bokuvala bucutshungulwa ngqo emzimbeni wevalvu kanye nepuleti levalvu, akukho nkinga yezimpande ezixegayo kanye nokuvuza.
Uma indawo yokuvala yonakele kakhulu futhi indawo yokuvala yakhiwe ngendandatho yokuvala, indandatho endala kufanele isuswe futhi ifakwe indandatho entsha yokuvala; uma indawo yokuvala icutshungulwa ngqo emzimbeni wevalvu, indawo yokuvala eyonakele kufanele isuswe kuqala, bese indandatho entsha yokuvala noma indawo ecutshungulwayo kufanele igaywe ibe yindawo entsha yokuvala. Uma imihuzuko, amaqhubu, ukuchotshozwa, ukugoba kanye nezinye iziphambeko zendawo yokuvala zingaphansi kuka-0.05mm, zingasuswa ngokugaya.
Impande yendandatho yokuvala iyavuza. Uma indandatho yokuvala icindezelwa futhi iqiniswe, ibhande le-PTFE noma upende omhlophe ojiyile ungafakwa phansi kwesihlalo se-valve noma umsele wendandatho yokuvala, bese ucindezelwa endandatho yokuvala ukuze ugcwalise impande yendandatho yokuvala. Uma indandatho yokuvala iqiniswe ngentambo, ibhande le-PTFE noma upende omhlophe ojiyile kufanele ubekwe phakathi kwentambo Ukuvuza phakathi kwemigqa.
(3) Ukulungiswa kokugqwala kwamavalvu
Ngokuvamile, umzimba we-valve kanye nesembozo se-valve kugqwala ngokulinganayo, kuyilapho isiqu se-valve sivame ukuba nemigodi. Lapho kulungiswa, umkhiqizo ogqwala kufanele ususwe kuqala. Kwisiqu se-valve esinemigodi yemigodi, kufanele sicutshungulwe nge-lathe ukuze kuqedwe ukucindezeleka, kushintshwe kube yi-filler equkethe i-ejenti yokukhulula okuqhubekayo, noma kuhlanzwe i-filler ngamanzi acwengekile ukuze kususwe ama-ion ku-filler anomphumela ogqwala esiqwini se-valve.
(4) Ukulungiswa kwemihuzuko ebusweni bokuvala
Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwevalvu, imihuzuko ebusweni bokuvala kufanele ivinjelwe ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi i-torque akufanele ibe nkulu kakhulu lapho kuvalwa ivalvu. Uma imihuzuko ebusweni bokuvala ingasuswa ngokugaya.
Ukutholwa kwama-valve amane esango
Esimweni samanje semakethe nezidingo zomsebenzisi, ama-valve esango lensimbi ayingxenye enkulu. Njengomhloli wekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ngaphezu kokujwayelana nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kufanele futhi ube nokuqonda okuhle ngomkhiqizo ngokwawo.
01 Isisekelo sokuhlola se-valve yesango lensimbi
Ukutholwa kwevalvu yesango lensimbi kusekelwe ku-GB/T12232-2005 ejwayelekile "ivalvu yesango lensimbi yokuxhumanisa i-flange ejwayelekile".
02 Izinto zokuhlola zevalvu yesango lensimbi
Ihlanganisa kakhulu: ilogo, * ukujiya kodonga oluncane, ukuhlolwa kokucindezela, ukuhlolwa kwegobolondo, njll. Phakathi kwazo, ukujiya kodonga, ukuhlolwa kokucindezela kanye negobolondo kuyizinto zokuhlola ezidingekayo nezinto ezibalulekile. Uma kukhona izinto ezingafaneleki, zingahlulelwa ngokuqondile njengemikhiqizo engafaneleki.
Ngamafuphi, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlolwa komkhiqizo wonke. Ukubaluleka kwawo kuyabonakala. Njengabasebenzi bokuhlola abaphambili, kumelwe siqinise ikhwalithi yethu njalo. Akufanele nje senze umsebenzi omuhle ekuhlolweni komkhiqizo, kodwa futhi sibe nokuqonda ngemikhiqizo ehloliwe, ukuze sikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi omuhle ekuhlolweni.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-23-2023
