Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwemboni ye-valve (1967-1978)
01 Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni kuyathinteka
Kusukela ngo-1967 kuya ku-1978, ngenxa yezinguquko ezinkulu endaweni yezenhlalo, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-valve nakho kuye kwathinteka kakhulu. Ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko yizi:
1. I-valve okukhiphayo kuncishiswa kakhulu, futhi ikhwalithi iyancipha kakhulu
2. I-valve Uhlelo locwaningo lwesayensi oseluqalile ukwakheka luthintekile
3. Imikhiqizo yevalvu yengcindezi emaphakathi iba eyesikhashana futhi
4. Ukukhiqizwa okungahleliwe kwama-valve okucindezela okuphezulu nokuphakathi kwaqala ukuvela
02 Thatha izinyathelo zokwelula “umugqa omfushane wevalvu”
Izinga lemikhiqizo kui-valveimboni yehle kakhulu, futhi ngemva kokwakhiwa kwemikhiqizo ye-valve ye-high and medium pressure yesikhashana, umbuso ubheka ukubaluleka okukhulu kulokhu. I-Heavy and General Bureau yoMnyango Wokuqala Wemishini yasungula iqembu lamavalvu elizobhekana noshintsho lobuchwepheshe embonini yamavalvu. Ngemva kophenyo olunzulu kanye nocwaningo, ithimba lama-valve labeka phambili "Umbiko Wemibono Ngokuthuthukiswa Kwezinyathelo Zokukhiqiza Ze-High and Medium Pressure Valves", owathunyelwa kuKhomishana Yokuhlela Kahulumeni. Ngemuva kocwaningo, kwanqunywa ukuthi kutshalwe ama-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-52 embonini ye-valve ukuze kwenziwe uguquko lobuchwepheshe ukuxazulula inkinga yokushoda okukhulu kwengcindezi ephezulu nephakathi.ama-valve kanye nekhwalithi yehla ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
1. Imihlangano emibili yaseKaifeng
NgoMeyi 1972, uMnyango Wokuqala Wemishini wabamba kazwelonkei-valveUchungechunge lomsebenzi wemboni eKaifeng City, esifundazweni saseHenan. Isamba samayunithi angu-125 kanye nabameleli abangu-198 abavela ezimbonini zamavalvu angu-88, izikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi ezifanele eziyi-8, izikhungo zemishini zezifundazwe ezingu-13 nomasipala kanye nabanye abasebenzisi abathamele umhlangano. Umhlangano wanquma ukubuyisela izinhlangano ezimbili zemboni kanye nenethiwekhi yezobunhloli, futhi wakhetha i-Kaifeng High Pressure Valve Factory kanye ne-Tieling Valve Factory njengabaholi beqembu abanomfutho ophezulu kanye nengcindezi ephansi ngokulandelana, kanye ne-Hefei General Machinery Research Institute kanye ne-Shenyang Valve Research. Isikhungo sasinomthwalo wemfanelo womsebenzi wenethiwekhi yezobunhloli. Umhlangano ubuye wadingida futhi wacwaninga ngezindaba eziphathelene “nokwenziwa kwesimanjemanje okuthathu”, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ucwaningo lobuchwepheshe, ukuhlukaniswa kwemikhiqizo, nokuthuthukisa imboni nemisebenzi yezobunhloli. Kusukela lapho, imisebenzi yezimboni neyezobunhloli esiphazanyiswe iminyaka eyisithupha iphinde yaqala. Lezi zinyathelo zibambe iqhaza elikhulu ekukhuthazeni ukukhiqizwa kwama-valve kanye nokubuyisela emuva isimo sesikhathi esifushane.
2. Qalisa kabusha imisebenzi yenhlangano yemboni kanye nokushintshisana ngolwazi
Ngemuva kweNgqungquthela yaseKaifeng ngo-1972, amaqembu ezimboni aqala kabusha imisebenzi yawo. Ngaleso sikhathi, amafektri angu-72 kuphela abambe iqhaza enhlanganweni yemboni, futhi amafektri amaningi e-valve ayengakahlanganyeli enhlanganweni yemboni. Ukuze kuhlelwe amafekthri ama-valve amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, isifunda ngasinye sihlela imisebenzi yemboni ngokulandelana. I-Shenyang High and Medium Pressure Valve Factory, i-Beijing Valve Factory, i-Shanghai Valve Factory, i-Wuhan Valve Factory,I-Tianjin Valve Factory, i-Gansu High and Medium Pressure Valve Factory, kanye ne-Zigong High Pressure Valve Factory zibophezele ngokulandelana kwezifunda ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga, eNyakatho China, eMpumalanga China, eNingizimu Emaphakathi, eNyakatho-ntshonalanga, naseNingizimu-ntshonalanga. Ngalesi sikhathi, imboni yama-valve nemisebenzi yezobunhloli yayihlukene futhi inezithelo, futhi yayithandwa kakhulu ngamafekthri embonini. Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi yezimboni, ukushintshana okuvamile kwesipiliyoni, ukusizana kanye nokufunda ndawonye, akukhuthazi nje ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ubunye nobungane phakathi kwamafekthri ahlukahlukene, ukuze imboni ye-valve yakhe yonke into ebumbene. , ngazwi linye, isandla sibambene Ukuqhubekela phambili, kukhombisa indawo ephilayo futhi ekhulayo.
3. Yenza “ukuthuthukiswa okuthathu” kwemikhiqizo yamavalvu
Ngokuvumelana nomoya wemihlangano emibili ye-Kaifeng kanye nemibono ye-Heavy and General Bureau yoMnyango Wokuqala Wemishini, i-General Machinery Research Institute iphinde yahlela umsebenzi omkhulu we-valve "ezintathu zesimanje" ngokusekelwa okuhlukahlukene okuhlukahlukene. izimboni embonini. Umsebenzi "wesimanjemanje" uwumsebenzi obalulekile oyisisekelo wezobuchwepheshe, okuyisilinganiso esisebenzayo sokusheshisa ukuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwamabhizinisi nokuthuthukisa izinga lemikhiqizo yama-valve. Iqembu elisebenzayo le-valve "ezintathu zesimanje" lisebenza ngokuvumelana "nezine ezinhle" (okulula ukuzisebenzisa, kulula ukwakha, kulula ukukhanda nokuhambisana kahle) kanye "nokuhlanganisa okune" (imodeli, imingcele yokusebenza, uxhumano nobukhulu obuphelele, izingxenye ezijwayelekile. ) izimiso. Okuqukethwe okuyinhloko komsebenzi kunezici ezintathu, eyodwa iwukwenza lula izinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe; enye iwukwenza futhi ubuyekeze iqoqo lamazinga obuchwepheshe; okwesithathu ukukhetha nokuphothula imikhiqizo.
4. Ucwaningo lwezobuchwepheshe lukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kocwaningo lwesayensi
(1) Ukuthuthukiswa kwamaqembu ocwaningo lwesayensi nokwakhiwa kwezisekelo zokuhlola Ekupheleni kuka-1969, i-General Machinery Research Institute yasuswa e-Beijing yayiswa e-Hefei, futhi umshini wokuqala wokuhlola ukumelana nokugeleza wabhidlizwa, okwathinta kakhulu ucwaningo lwesayensi. Ngo-1971, abacwaningi besayensi babuyela eqenjini ngokulandelana, futhi ilabhorethri yokucwaninga i-valve yanda yaba ngaphezu kwabantu abangu-30, futhi yathunywa yinkonzo ukuba ihlele ucwaningo lwezobuchwepheshe. Kwakhiwa ilabhorethri elula, kwafakwa idivayisi yokuhlola ukumelana nokugeleza, kanye nokucindezela okuthile, ukupakisha neminye imishini yokuhlola kwaklanywa futhi kwakhiqizwa, futhi ucwaningo lobuchwepheshe endaweni yokuvala ama-valve nokupakishwa kwaqala.
(2) Okufeziwe Okubalulekile Ingqungquthela yase-Kaifeng eyabanjwa ngo-1973 yakha uhlelo locwaningo lobuchwepheshe lwemboni yamavalvu kusukela ngo-1973 kuya ku-1975, futhi yaphakamisa amaphrojekthi ocwaningo abalulekile angama-39. Phakathi kwazo, kunezinto eziyi-8 zokucutshungulwa okushisayo, izinto eziyi-16 zokubekwa uphawu, izinto eziyisi-6 zokupakisha, into eyi-1 yensiza kagesi, nezinto eziyisi-6 zokuhlola nokusebenza. Kamuva, eHarbin Welding Research Institute, Wuhan Material Protection Research Institute, kanye neHefei General Machinery Research Institute, kwaqokwa abasebenzi abakhethekile ukuze bahlele futhi baxhumanise ukuhlolwa okuvamile, kanye nezingqungquthela ezimbili zomsebenzi eziphathelene nezingxenye eziyisisekelo zamavalvu omfutho ophakeme nophakathi zabanjwa ukuze hlanganisa isipiliyoni, ukusizana kanye nokuhwebelana, futhi kwasungulwa ngo-1976 -Ipulani yocwaningo lwezingxenye eziyisisekelo ngo-1980. Ngemizamo engavumelananga yemboni yonke, impumelelo enkulu yenziwe emsebenzini wocwaningo lobuchwepheshe, okuye kwakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kocwaningo lwesayensi ku-valve. imboni. Imiphumela yayo eyinhloko imi kanje:
1) Tack endaweni yokuvala uphawu. Ucwaningo lwendawo yokuvala uphawu luhlose ukuxazulula inkinga yokuvuza kwangaphakathi kwei-valve. Ngaleso sikhathi, izinto ezingaphezulu zokuvala zazingu-20Cr13 kanye ne-12Cr18Ni9, ezazinokuqina okuphansi, ukumelana nokugqokwa okungekuhle, izinkinga ezinkulu zokuvuza kwangaphakathi emikhiqizweni yamavalvu, nempilo emfushane yesevisi. I-Shenyang Valve Research Institute, i-Harbin Welding Research Institute kanye ne-Harbin Boiler Factory bakha ithimba labacwaningi eliyinhlanganisela ephindwe kathathu. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-2 yokusebenza kanzima, uhlobo olusha lwe-chrome-manganese sealing surface material (20Cr12Mo8) lwasungulwa. Impahla inokusebenza okuhle kwenqubo. Ukumelana nokuklwebheka okuhle, impilo ende yesevisi, futhi ayikho i-nickel ne-chromium encane, izinsiza zingasekelwe kwezasekhaya, ngemva kokuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe, zibaluleke kakhulu ekuphromothweni.
2) Ukugcwalisa ucwaningo. Inhloso yocwaningo lokupakisha ukuxazulula inkinga yokuvuza kwe-valve. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukupakishwa kwe-valve ikakhulukazi kwakuyi-asbestos efakwe uwoyela kanye ne-asbestos yerabha, futhi ukusebenza kokuvala kwakungekuhle, okwabangela ukuvuza okukhulu kwe-valve. Ngo-1967, i-General Machinery Research Institute yahlela ithimba eliphenya ngokuvuza kwangaphandle ukuze liphenye izitshalo ezithile zamakhemikhali, izindawo zokuhluzwa uwoyela nezitshalo zikagesi, lase liqhuba ngenkuthalo ucwaningo lokuhlola ukubola lokupakisha neziqu zamavalvu.
3) Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza komkhiqizo kanye nocwaningo lwethiyori oluyisisekelo. Ngenkathi senza ucwaningo lwezobuchwepheshe,imboni ye-valvefuthi kwenziwa ngamandla ukuhlola ukusebenza komkhiqizo kanye nocwaningo oluyisisekelo lwethiyori, futhi kwazuza imiphumela eminingi.
5. Ukwenza izinguquko kwezobuchwepheshe emabhizinisini
Ngemuva kweNkomfa kaKaifeng ngo-1973, yonke imboni yenza uguquko kwezobuchwepheshe. Izinkinga eziyinhloko ezazikhona embonini yama-valve ngaleso sikhathi: Okokuqala, inqubo yayihlehlisiwe, ukulingisa kwakwenziwe ngesandla ngokuphelele, ukubunjwa kwesiqephu esisodwa, kanye namathuluzi omshini wenjongo evamile kanye nezinhlelo zokulungisa inhloso evamile ngokuvamile zazisetshenziselwa ukusebenza okubandayo. Kungenxa yokuthi izinhlobonhlobo kanye nokucaciswa kwefekthri ngayinye kuphindwe ngokweqile, futhi inani likhulu ezweni lonke, kodwa ngemva kokusatshalaliswa kwemboni ngayinye, iqoqo lokukhiqiza lincane kakhulu, okuthinta ukusebenza kwamandla okukhiqiza. Ukusabela ezinkingeni ezingenhla, i-Heavy and General Bureau yoMnyango Wokuqala Wemishini ibeke phambili lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo: ukuhlela amafekthri akhona amavalvu omfutho ophakathi nendawo, enze ukuhlela okuhlangene, ahlukanise abasebenzi ngokunengqondo, futhi andise ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi; sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, sungula imigqa yokukhiqiza, futhi ubambisane ezimbonini ezibalulekile nasezindaweni ezingenalutho. Imigqa yokukhiqiza yensimbi eyi-4 engenalutho iye yasungulwa endaweni yokusebenzela yokuphonsa insimbi, futhi imigqa yokukhiqiza ebandayo eyi-10 yezingxenye iye yasungulwa ezimbonini eziyisithupha ezibalulekile; sekutshalwe isamba sezigidi ezingama-52 zamayuan ekuguqulweni kwezobuchwepheshe.
(1) Ukuguqulwa kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula okushisayo Ekuguqulweni kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula okushisayo, ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-water glass tidal shell mold, isihlabathi esiwuketshezi, isikhunta samanzi kanye nokusakazwa ngokunemba kuye kwaduma. Ukusakaza okunembayo kungabona ukwenziwa kwe-chip-less noma ngisho ne-chip-free. Ilungele isango, i-gland yokupakisha kanye nomzimba we-valve kanye nebhonethi yama-valve anobubanzi obuncane, ngezinzuzo ezisobala zezomnotho. Ngo-1969, i-Shanghai Lianggong Valve Factory yaqala ukusebenzisa inqubo yokunemba ekukhiqizeni ama-valve, ye-PN16, i-DN50 ye-valve yesango,
(2) Ukuguqulwa kobuchwepheshe bokusebenza okubandayo Ekuguqulweni kobuchwepheshe bokusebenza okubandayo, amathuluzi omshini akhethekile kanye nemigqa yokukhiqiza isetshenziswa embonini ye-valve. Kusukela ngo-1964, i-Shanghai Valve No. 7 Factory yaklama futhi yakhiqiza umugqa wokukhiqiza we-valve womzimba we-semi-automatic, okuwumugqa wokuqala wokukhiqiza i-semi-automatic valve yokuqala embonini yamavalvu. Kamuva, i-Shanghai Valve No. 5 Factory yaklama futhi yakhiqiza ulayini wokukhiqiza we-semi-automatic we-DN50 ~ DN100 umzimba wevalve yeglobhu enengcindezi ephansi kanye nebhonethi ngo-1966.
6. Thuthukisa ngamandla izinhlobo ezintsha futhi uthuthukise izinga lamasethi aphelele
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zemishini emikhulu emikhulu efana ne-petroleum, imboni yamakhemikhali, amandla kagesi, i-metallurgy kanye nemboni ye-petrochemical, imboni ye-valve ithuthukisa ngamandla imikhiqizo emisha ngesikhathi esifanayo sokuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe, okuthuthukise ukufanisa. izinga lemikhiqizo ye-valve.
03 Isifinyezo
Uma sibheka emuva ngo-1967-1978, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-i-valve imboni yake yathinteka kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezimboni ze-petroleum, amakhemikhali, amandla kagesi, i-metallurgy namalahle, ama-valve okucindezela okuphezulu nokuphakathi abe "imikhiqizo yesikhashana" okwesikhashana. Ngo-1972, inhlangano yemboni ye-valve yaqala ukuqhubeka nokwenza imisebenzi. Ngemuva kwezingqungquthela ezimbili ze-Kaifeng, kwenziwa ngamandla "izinguquko ezintathu" kanye nomsebenzi wocwaningo lobuchwepheshe, okwenza kube nezinguquko kwezobuchwepheshe embonini yonke. Ngo-1975, imboni yama-valve yaqala ukulungisa, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwemboni kwashintsha kwaba ngcono.
Ngo-1973, Ikhomishana Yokuhlela Kahulumeni yagunyaza izinyathelo zengqalasizinda zokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwengcindezi ephezulu nephakathiama-valve. Ngemuva kokutshalwa kwezimali, imboni yama-valve yenze uguquko olungase lube khona. Ngokuguqulwa nokukhuthazwa kwezobuchwepheshe, kuye kwamukelwa ubuchwepheshe obuthile obuthuthukisiwe, ukuze izinga lokucubungula okubandayo kuyo yonke imboni lithuthukiswe ngezinga elithile, futhi izinga lokusebenzisa imishini yokucubungula ukushisa liye lathuthukiswa ngezinga elithile. Ngemuva kokukhuthazwa kwenqubo ye-welding ye-plasma spray, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo we-valve ephezulu nephakathi yokucindezela iye yathuthukiswa kakhulu, futhi inkinga "yokuvuza okufushane nokubili" nayo iye yathuthukiswa. Ngokuphothulwa nokusebenza kwamaphrojekthi wezinyathelo zengqalasizinda engama-32, imboni yamavalvu yaseChina inesisekelo esiqinile namandla amakhulu okukhiqiza. Kusukela ngo-1970, ukukhishwa kwama-valve okucindezela okuphezulu nokuphakathi kuye kwaqhubeka nokukhula. Kusukela ngo-1972 kuya ku-1975, umphumela wenyuka usuka ku-21,284t wafinyelela ku-38,500t, nokwenyuka okuphelele ngo-17,216t eminyakeni emine, okulingana nomphumela wonyaka ngo-1970. Umphumela wonyaka wama-valve anengcindezi ephansi uzinzile ezingeni lika-70,000 kuya ku-80,000 amathani. Ngalesi sikhathi,i-valve imboni ithuthuke ngamandla imikhiqizo emisha, akuzona nje kuphela izinhlobo zamavalvu enhloso ejwayelekile eziye zathuthukiswa kakhulu, kodwa namavalvu akhethekile eziteshi zikagesi, amapayipi, umfutho ophakeme kakhulu, izinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nemboni yenuzi, i-aerospace namanye ama-valve anenhloso ekhethekile nawo ithuthuke kakhulu. Uma ama-1960s kwakuyinkathi yokuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwama-valve enhloso evamile, khona-ke iminyaka yawo-1970 yayiyinkathi yokuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwamavalvu enhloso ekhethekile. Amandla okusekela asekhayaama-valve ithuthukiswe kakhulu, ehlangabezana nezidingo zentuthuko yemikhakha eyahlukene yomnotho wezwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-04-2022
