Umlando wentuthuko embonini ye-valve yaseChina (3)

Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo komkhakha we-valve (1967-1978)

01 Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezimboni kuyathinteka

Kusukela ngo-1967 kuya ku-1978, ngenxa yoshintsho olukhulu endaweni yezenhlalo, ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha we-valve nakho kuthinteke kakhulu. Ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko yile:

1. I-valve Ukukhishwa kuncishiswa kakhulu, futhi ikhwalithi incishiswe kakhulu

2. I-valve uhlelo lokucwaninga lwesayensi oluqalile ukuthatha ukwakheka luthintekile

3. Imikhiqizo ye-Medium Pressusve Valve iba yisikhathi esifushane futhi

4. Ukukhiqizwa okungahleliwe kwama-valve aphezulu aphakathi nendawo aqala ukuvela

02 Thatha izinyathelo ukwelula i- "Valve Line Line"

Ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ngaphakathiI-valveImboni iyehlile ngokungathi sína, futhi ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwemikhiqizo ye-valve ye-valve efushane nephakathi ephakeme, uMbuso uhlanganisa ukubaluleka okukhulu kulokhu. I-bureau esindayo nejwayelekile yoMnyango Wokuqala Wemishini Yasungulwa iqembu le-valve ukuze libe nesibopho sokuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwemboni yama-valve. Ngemuva kophenyo olunzulu nasekucwaningeni, iqembu le-valve libeke phambili "ngombiko ngemibono ekuthuthukisweni kwezindlela zokukhiqiza ama-valves aphezulu naphakathi", angeniswe kwiKhomishini Yokuhlela Umbuso. Ngemuva kokucwaninga, kwathathwa isinqumo sokutshala i-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-52 embonini ye-valve ukwenza inguquko yobuchwepheshe ukuxazulula inkinga yokushoda okukhulu kwengcindezi ephezulu nephakathiamavalve nokuwohloka kwekhwalithi ngokushesha okukhulu.

1. Imihlangano emibili yaseKaifeng

NgoMeyi 1972, umnyango wokuqala wemishini wabamba izweisivalwanaUmsebenzi woMsebenzi Wezimboni eSymposium eKaiifeng City, esifundazweni saseHenan. Ingqikithi yamayunithi ayi-125 kanye nabamele abangu-198 abavela kumafektri e-Valve angama-88, ama-8 afanelekile okucwaninga kwesayensi kanye nezikhungo zokwakhiwa, ama-bureas angu-13 angumasipala kanye noMasipala kanye nabanye abasebenzisi baye emhlanganweni. Umhlangano uthathe isinqumo sokubuyisela izinhlangano ezimbili zomkhakha kanye nenethiwekhi yezobunhloli, futhi aqoke kakhulu i-KAIFEng High Pressure Valve Factory kanye neTieling Valve Factory Factory kanye ne-Hefei General Machch Christian Instist Institute kanye ne-Shenyang Valve Chemperence Institute abaphethe umsebenzi wenethiwekhi yezobunhloli. Umhlangano ubuye waxoxa futhi wafunda izingqinamba ezihlobene "nokuthuthuka kwemikhiqizo", ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ucwaningo lobuchwepheshe, ukuhlukaniswa komkhiqizo, kanye nemisebenzi yezobunhloli. Kusukela lapho, imboni kanye nemisebenzi yezobunhloli ephazamisekile iminyaka eyisithupha iqale kabusha. Lezi zinyathelo zidlale indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni ukukhiqizwa kwe-valve futhi kubuyise isimo esifushane.

2. Qalisa imisebenzi yenhlangano yezomkhakha kanye nokushintshaniswa kolwazi

Ngemuva kwengqungquthela yeKaifeng ngo-1972, amaqembu ezimboni aqala kabusha imisebenzi yawo. Ngaleso sikhathi, amafektri angama-72 kuphela ahlanganyele enhlanganweni embonini, kanti amaqiniso amaningi we-valve ayengakahlanganyeli enhlanganweni yezimboni. Ukuze uhlele ama-valve ama-valve amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, isifunda ngasinye sihlela imisebenzi yezimboni ngokulandelana. Ifektri ye-Shenyang High and Medium Pressure Valve, i-Beijing Valve Factory, i-Shanghai valve Factory, i-Wuhan Valve Factory,Ifektri ye-tiannjin valve, Ifektri ephezulu ye-Gansu ne-Medium Pressure Valve yaseValve i-Valve Factory inesibopho seNyakatho-mpumalanga yeNyakatho-mpumalanga, enyakatho neChina, e-East China, eCentral South, enyakatho-ntshonalanga. Ngalesi sikhathi, imboni ye-valve kanye nemisebenzi yezobunhloli yayihlukile futhi ithela izithelo, futhi yayithandwa kakhulu amafektri embonini. Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi yezimboni, ukushintshaniswa okujwayelekile kokuhlangenwe nakho, usizo olujwayelekile kanye nokufunda okufanayo, akugcini ngokuthuthukisa ukuthuthuka kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kepha futhi kukhulisa ubumbano nobungani obusezingeni eliphakeme, ngokubonisa indawo ebonakalayo nokukhula.

3. Yenza "izinto ezintathu" zesimanje "semikhiqizo ye-valve

Ngokuhambisana nomoya wemihlangano emibili yaseKaifeng nemibono ye-verand and General Bureau yenkonzo yokuqala yemishini, isikhungo sokucwaninga ngemishini sasiphinde sahlela umsebenzi omkhulu "wesimanjemanje" umsebenzi osebenzayo wefektri ehlukahlukene embonini. Umsebenzi we- "Three wam" ngumsebenzi wobuchwepheshe obalulekile obalulekile, okuyisilinganiso esisebenzayo sokusheshisa ukuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwamabhizinisi futhi uthuthukise izinga lemikhiqizo ye-valve. I-Valve "Three Facimames" Iqembu elisebenzayo lisebenza ngokuya ngo- "ezine okuhle" (okulula ukulisebenzisa, kulula ukulungisa futhi ukufana okuhle) kanye "nemodeli, ubukhulu bokusebenza, izimiso ezijwayelekile). Okuqukethwe okuyinhloko komsebenzi kunezici ezintathu, umuntu ukwenza lula izinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe; elinye lelo ukwakha futhi libuyekeze iqembu lamazinga obuchwepheshe; Okwesithathu ukukhetha nokuphothula imikhiqizo.

4. Ucwaningo lobuchwepheshe luye lwakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kocwaningo lwesayensi

. Ngo-1971, abaphenyi besayensi babuyela eqenjini ngokulandelana, futhi i-varve yocwaningo lokucwaninga landa kubantu abangaphezu kuka-30, futhi yathunyelwa inkonzo ukuhlela ucwaningo lobuchwepheshe. Kwakhiwa ilebhu elula, kufakwe idivaysi yokuvuselelwa kokugeleza, kanye nengcindezi ethile, ukupakisha kanye neminye imishini yokuhlola yenzelwe futhi yakhiqizwa, kanye nocwaningo lwezobuchwepheshe nge-valve sealand ebusweni nokupakisha kwaqala.

. Phakathi kwazo, kukhona izinto eziyi-8 zokucubungula okushisayo, izinto eziyi-16 zokubekwa uphawu, izinto ezi-6 zokupakisha, i-1 nto kagesi, nezinto ezi-6 zokuhlola nokuhlola ukusebenza. Kamuva, eHarbin Welding Research Institute, isikhungo sokucwaninga okuvimbela izinsiza ezibonakalayo, kanye ne-Hefei General Reservation Institute, kanye nezingqungquthela ezimbili ezisetshenziselwa ukufundelana kwama-1980. Ngemizamo evuthayo yomkhakha wonke, impumelelo enkulu Kwenziwe emsebenzini wokucwaninga wezobuchwepheshe, okuye kwathuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kocwaningo lwesayensi embonini ye-valve. Imiphumela yayo eyinhloko imi ngalendlela elandelayo:

1) Thinta endaweni yokubopha uphawu. Ukucwaninga kokubekwa uphawu komhlaba kuhlose ukuxazulula inkinga yokuvuza kwangaphakathi kweI-valve. Ngaleso sikhathi, izinto zokubopha zangaphandle zaziyi-20CR13 ne-12CR18NI9, ezazinobulukhuni obuphansi, ukumelana kabi kwemvelo, izinkinga zokuvuza ezingaphakathi ze-valve ngemikhiqizo ye-valve, kanye nempilo emfushane yenkonzo. I-Shenyang Valve Research Institute, Isikhungo Sokucwaninga i-Welding Welding kanye neHarbin Boiler Factory yakha iqembu lokucwaninga kathathu. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2 yokusebenza kanzima, uhlobo olusha lwe-surfacing surfacing surfacing surfacating (20CR12mo8). Izinto ezibonakalayo zinokusebenza okuhle kwenqubo. Ukumelana okuhle kokwehlela, impilo yenkonzo ende, futhi akukho nxenywa ye-nickel ne-chromium encane, izinsiza zingasuselwa ekhaya, ngemuva kokuhlaziya kobuchwepheshe, kubaluleke kakhulu ekunyuselweni.

2) ukugcwalisa ucwaningo. Inhloso yocwaningo lokupakisha ukuxazulula inkinga yokuvuza kwe-valve. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukupakisha i-valve kwakuyi-asbestos enamafutha kanye ne-asbestos enjoloba, futhi ukusebenza kokubekwa uphawu bekumpofu, okwadala ukuvuza okubucayi. Ngo-1967, i-General Machch Machchning Institute yahlela iqembu lokuvuza lokuvuza elizophenya ezinye zezitshalo zamakhemikhali, izithombo zokuhlanza uwoyela kanye nezitshalo zamandla, bese zenziwa ngenkuthalo ucwaningo lokulwa nokugqwala ngeziqu ze-valve.

3) Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza komkhiqizo nocwaningo oluyisisekelo lwe-theory. Ngenkathi enze ucwaningo lobuchwepheshe,imboni ye-valveFuthi kwenziwa ngamandla ukuhlolwa kokusebenza komkhiqizo nocwaningo oluyisisekelo lwethiyori, futhi kutholakale imiphumela eminingi.

5. Yenza ukuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwamabhizinisi

Ngemuva kwengqungquthela yeKaifeng ngo-1973, wonke imboni yenziwa ushintsho lobuchwepheshe. Izinkinga eziphambili ezikhona embonini ye-valve ngaleso sikhathi: Okokuqala, inqubo ibibuyela emuva, ukusakazwa kwakhiwe ngesandla, ukusakazwa kwenhloso eyodwa, kanye nokulungiswa kwemishini evamile kanye nokulungiswa kwenhloso ejwayelekile ngokuvamile kwakusetshenziselwa ukusebenza kubandayo. Kungenxa yokuthi izinhlobonhlobo nokucaciswa kwefektri ngayinye kuphindeka ngokweqile, futhi inani likhulu ezweni lonke, kodwa ngemuva kokusatshalaliswa kwefekthri ngayinye, i-batch yokukhiqiza incane kakhulu, okuthinta amandla okukhiqiza. Ephendula lezinkinga ezingenhla, i-bureau esindayo neyigugu yoMnyango Wokuqala Wemishini Yemishini Yabeka Izinyathelo Ezilandelayo: Hlela amafektri aphezulu aphezulu we-valve akhona, enza ukuhlela okuhlangene, ukuhlukanisa umshikashisi, nokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwesisindo; I-Adopt Technology Ethuthukile, isungula imigqa yokukhiqiza, futhi ibambisane namafektri asemqoka nasezikhala. I-4 cast cast blank yokukhiqiza ukukhiqiza isungulwe emhlanganweni wokuphonsa wensimbi, kanti imigqa engu-10 yokukhiqiza yokukhiqiza izingxenye ezibandayo ezisungulwe emafektri ayisithupha abalulekile; Ingqikithi yezigidi ezingama-52 yuan itshalwe imali ekuguqulweni kwezobuchwepheshe.

. Ukuphonsa ngokunemba kungabona imishini ye-chip-inf noma ngisho nemishini engenama-chip-free. Ilungele isango, ukupakisha indlala kanye nomzimba we-valve kanye ne-bonnet yama-valves amancane, ngezinzuzo ezisobala zezomnotho. Ngo-1969, ifektri yaseShanghai Lianggong Valve yaqala yasebenzisa inqubo yokuphonsa ngokunemba ekukhiqizeni i-valve, ye-PN16, DN50 Gate Valve Body,

(2) Ukuguqulwa kobuchwepheshe obubandayo bokusebenza ekuguqukeni kobuchwepheshe obubandayo bokusebenza, amathuluzi omshini okhethekile kanye nemigqa yokukhiqiza isetshenziswa embonini ye-valve. Kusukela ngo-1964, i-Shanghai valve No. 7 eklanyelwe futhi yakha i-Gate valve Body Crawrler Uhlobo lwe-Semi-othomathikhi Valve Sokukhiqiza umugqa we-valve stim-othomathikhi othoma-othomathikhi embonini ye-valve. Kamuva, ngemuva kwalokho, i-shadohai valve No. 5 yakhelwe futhi yakha umugqa wokukhiqiza ozenzakalelayo we-DN50 ~ DN100 Transsure Global valve Body kanye ne-bonnet ngo-1966.

I-6. Ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezintsha futhi uthuthukise izinga lamasethi aphelele

Ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zamasethi amakhulu aphelele wemishini efana ne-petroleum, imboni yamakhemikhali, amandla kagesi, i-metallurgy kanye nemboni ye-petrochemical ekhulisa imikhiqizo efanayo ngasikhathi sinye sokuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe, okuthuthukise izinga elifanayo lemikhiqizo ye-valve.

Isifinyezo se-03

Uma ngibheka emuva ngo-1967-1978, ukuthuthukiswa kweisivalwana Imboni yake yathinteka kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwama-petroleum, amakhemikhali, amandla kagesi, izimboni ze-metallurgy kanye namalahle, ama-valve aphezulu naphakathi nawo anemikhiqizo yesikhashana ". Ngo-1972, inhlangano yezimboni ye-Valve yaqala ukuqhubeka futhi yenze imisebenzi. Ngemuva kwezingqungquthela ezimbili zeKaifeng, zenziwe ngokuqinile "okuthathu" kanye nomsebenzi wokucwaninga kwezobuchwepheshe, ukusetha igagasi lokuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kulo lonke imboni. Ngo-1975, imboni ye-valve yaqala ukulungisa, futhi ukukhiqizwa komkhakha kwathola ithuba lokuba ngcono.

Ngo-1973, iKhomishini Yokuhlela Umbuso yamukele izinyathelo zezingqalasizinda zokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwengcindezi ephezulu nephakathiamavalve. Ngemuva kokutshalwa kwemali, imboni ye-valve yenze izinguquko ezingaba khona. Ngokuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuphakanyiswa, amanye amazowobuchwepheshe athuthukile amukelwe, ukuze izinga lokucutshungulwa okubandayo kulo lonke imboni selithuthukezelwe ngezinga elithile, futhi izinga lokusebenza kwenqubo yokusebenza kwenziwe ngcono. Ngemuva kokukhuthaza i-Plasma Spray Welding inqubo, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo yama-valves aphezulu naphakathi kwengcindezi selithuthukisiwe kakhulu, futhi inkinga "yokuvuza okufushane nokubili" nayo yathuthukiswa. Ngokuqedwa kanye nokusebenza kwamaphrojekthi wezingqalasizinda ezingama-32, imboni ye-valve yaseChina inesisekelo esinamandla kanye namandla okukhiqiza amakhulu. Kusukela ngo-1970, ukuphuma kwama-valves aphezulu naphakathi aphakathi kuyaqhubeka nokukhula. Kusukela ngo-1972 kuya ku-1975, okukhishwa kukhuphuke kusuka ku-21,284T kuya ku-38,500t, ngokunyuka okuphelele kweminyaka engu-17,216t ngeminyaka engu-1770. Ngalesi sikhathi,I-valve Imboni ethuthukiswe ngamandla imikhiqizo emisha, hhayi kuphela izinhlobo zama-valve ajwayelekile zithuthukiswe kakhulu, kepha futhi ama-valve akhethekile eziteshini zamandla, amapayipi, umkhakha ophakeme we-ultra, imboni yenuzi kanye namanye ama-valve akhethekile nawo aqhamuke kakhulu. Uma i-1960s yayiyisikhathi sokuthuthuka okukhulu kwama-valves ezinhloso-inhloso ejwayelekile, khona-ke iminyaka yo-1970 yayiyinkathi enkulu yentuthuko enkulu yama-valve akhethekile. Umthamo osekelwayo wekhayaamavalve Uthuthuke kakhulu, empeleni ahlangabezana nezidingo zentuthuko zemikhakha ehlukahlukene yomnotho wezwe.