Ukugqwala kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezibangelai-valveumonakalo. Ngakho-ke, kui-valveukuvikelwa, i-valve anti-corrosion yindaba ebalulekile okufanele icatshangelwe.
Ivalvuifomu lokugqwala
Ukugqwala kwezinsimbi kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali kanye nokugqwala kwe-electrochemical, futhi ukugqwala kwezinto ezingezona ezensimbi ngokuvamile kubangelwa izenzo zamakhemikhali nezingokwenyama eziqondile.
1. Ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali
Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi akukho okwamanje okukhiqizwayo, indawo ezungezile isabela ngokuqondile nensimbi futhi iyibhubhise, njengokugqwala kwensimbi yigesi eyomile enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa kanye nesisombululo esingenawo ugesi.
2. Ukugqwala kwe-galvanic
Insimbi ithintana ne-electrolyte, okuholela ekugelezeni kwama-electron, okuzibangela konakaliswe isenzo se-electrochemical, okuyindlela eyinhloko yokugqwala.
Ukugqwala kwesixazululo sikasawoti esisekelwe ku-asidi esivamile, ukugqwala komkhathi, ukugqwala kwenhlabathi, ukugqwala kwamanzi olwandle, ukugqwala kwe-microbial, ukugqwala kwe-pitting kanye nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali, njll., konke ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical. Ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical akwenzeki kuphela phakathi kwezinto ezimbili ezingadlala indima yamakhemikhali, kodwa futhi kukhiqiza umehluko ongaba khona ngenxa yomehluko wokugxilisa ingqondo wesixazululo, umehluko wokuhlushwa womoya-mpilo ozungezile, umehluko omncane wesakhiwo sento, njll., kanye ithola amandla okugqwala, ukuze insimbi enamandla aphansi kanye nendawo yepuleti lelanga elomile ilahleke.
Izinga lokugqwala kwevalvu
Izinga lokugqwala lingahlukaniswa ngamabanga ayisithupha:
(1) Imelana nokugqwala ngokuphelele: izinga lokugqwala lingaphansi kuka-0.001 mm/ngonyaka
(2) Imelana nokugqwala ngokwedlulele: izinga lokugqwala 0.001 kuya ku-0.01 mm/ngonyaka
(3) Ukumelana nokugqwala: izinga lokugqwala 0.01 kuya ku-0.1 mm/ngonyaka
(4) Imelana nokugqwala: izinga lokugqwala 0.1 kuya ku-1.0 mm/ngonyaka
(5) Ukumelana nokugqwala okungalungile: izinga lokugqwala 1.0 kuya ku-10 mm/ngonyaka
(6) Ayimelani nokugqwala: izinga lokugqwala likhulu kuno-10 mm/ngonyaka
Izinyathelo eziyisishiyagalolunye zokunqanda ukugqwala
1. Khetha izinto ezimelana nokugqwala ngokuya ngendlela eyenza ukugqwala
Ekukhiqizeni kwangempela, ukugqwala kwe-medium kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngisho noma impahla ye-valve esetshenziswa endaweni efanayo iyafana, ukugxila, izinga lokushisa kanye nokucindezela kwe-medium kuhlukile, futhi ukugqwala kwe-medium kuya kwempahla kuyefana. akufani. Njalo ngo-10°C ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo, izinga lokugqwala likhuphuka cishe izikhathi ezi-1–3.
Ukugxila okuphakathi kunethonya elikhulu ekugxumeni kwezinto ze-valve, njengokuhola ku-sulfuric acid ene-concentration encane, ukugqwala kuncane kakhulu, futhi lapho ukugxila kudlula i-96%, ukugqwala kuphakama kakhulu. I-Carbon steel, ngokuphambene nalokho, inokugqwala okubi kakhulu lapho ukuhlushwa kwe-sulfuric acid cishe ku-50%, futhi lapho ukuhlushwa kukhula kuya ngaphezu kuka-60%, ukugqwala kwehla kakhulu. Isibonelo, i-aluminiyamu igqwala kakhulu ku-nitric acid egxilile ene-concentration engaphezu kuka-80%, kodwa igqwala kakhulu ekugxilweni okuphakathi nendawo kwe-nitric acid, futhi insimbi engagqwali imelana kakhulu nokuhlanjululwa kwe-nitric acid, kodwa ishubile ngaphezu kwama-95% agxilile i-nitric acid.
Kusukela kulezi zibonelo ezingenhla, kungabonakala ukuthi ukukhethwa okufanele kwezinto ze-valve kufanele kusekelwe esimweni esithile, kuhlaziye izici ezihlukahlukene ezithinta ukugqwala, bese ukhetha izinto ezisetshenziswayo ngokuvumelana nezincwadi ezifanele zokulwa nokugqwala.
2. Sebenzisa izinto ezingezona ezensimbi
Ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-non-metallic kuhle kakhulu, inqobo nje uma izinga lokushisa nokucindezela kwe-valve kuhlangabezana nezidingo zezinto ezingezona ezensimbi, akukwazi nje ukuxazulula inkinga yokugqwala, kodwa futhi kusindisa izinsimbi eziyigugu. Umzimba we-valve, ibhonethi, ulwelwesi, indawo yokuvala nezinye izinto ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezingezona ezensimbi zenziwe.
Amapulasitiki afana ne-PTFE kanye ne-chlorinated polyether, kanye nerabha yemvelo, i-neoprene, irabha ye-nitrile namanye ama-rubber asetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwe-valve, futhi umzimba oyinhloko webhonethi yomzimba we-valve wenziwe ngensimbi ekhonjiwe ne-carbon steel. Ayiqinisekisi kuphela amandla e-valve, kodwa futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi i-valve ayigqwali.
Namuhla, kuyasetshenziswa amapulasitiki amaningi njengenayiloni ne-PTFE, futhi irabha yemvelo nerabha yokwenziwa isetshenziselwa ukwenza izindawo zokuvala ezihlukahlukene nezindandatho zokuvala, ezisetshenziswa kumavalvu ahlukahlukene. Lezi zinto ezingezona ezensimbi ezisetshenziswa njengezindawo zokuvala azigcini nje ngokumelana nokugqwala okuhle, kodwa futhi zinokusebenza okuhle kokuvala, okufanele ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa emithonjeni yezindaba enezinhlayiya. Yiqiniso, anamandla amancane futhi amelana nokushisa, futhi ububanzi bezicelo bunqunyelwe.
3. Ukwelashwa kwendawo yensimbi
(1) Uxhumo lwevalvu: Umnenke oxhunywe yisivalo ngokuvamile uphathwa ngokufaka i-galvanizing, i-chrome plating, kanye ne-oxidation (eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhono lokumelana nokugqwala komkhathi nokuphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalezi zindlela ezibalwe ngenhla, ezinye izinto zokubopha nazo ziphathwa ngokwelashwa okungaphezulu okufana ne-phosphating ngokuya ngesimo.
(2) Indawo yokuvala nezingxenye ezivaliwe ezinobubanzi obuncane: izinqubo zangaphezulu ezifana ne-nitriding ne-boronizing zisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala nokumelana nokuguga.
(3) I-Stem anti-corrosion: i-nitriding, i-boronization, i-chrome plating, i-nickel plating nezinye izinqubo zokwelashwa kwendawo zisetshenziswa kabanzi ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokumelana nemihuzuko.
Izindlela zokwelapha ezihlukene kufanele zifanele izinto ezihlukene zesiqu kanye nezindawo zokusebenza, emkhathini, umhwamuko wamanzi ophakathi nendawo kanye nesiqu sokuxhumana se-asbestos, ungasebenzisa i-hard chrome plating, inqubo ye-nitriding yegesi (insimbi engagqwali akufanele isebenzise inqubo ye-ion nitriding): ku-hydrogen imvelo ye-sulfide emkhathini esebenzisa i-electroplating high phosphorus nickel coating inokusebenza okungcono kokuvikela; I-38CrMOAIA futhi ingamelana nokugqwala nge-ion kanye ne-gas nitriding, kodwa ukufakwa kwe-chrome eqinile akufanelekile ukusetshenziswa; I-2Cr13 ingamelana nokugqwala kwe-ammonia ngemva kokucisha kanye nokushisa, futhi insimbi ye-carbon esebenzisa i-nitriding yegesi ingaphinda imelane nokugqwala kwe-ammonia, kuyilapho zonke izendlalelo ze-phosphorus-nickel plating zingamelani nokugqwala kwe-ammonia, kanye negesi ye-nitriding 38CrMOAIA inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu nokusebenza okuphelele. , futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza iziqu ze-valve.
(4) I-valve yezinga elincane kanye nesondo lesandla: Ivamise ukugqitshwa nge-chrome ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqwala nokuhlobisa ivalvu.
4. Ukufafaza okushisayo
Ukufafaza okushisayo kuwuhlobo lwenqubo yenqubo yokulungisa ama-coatings, futhi sekube ngobunye bobuchwepheshe obusha bokuvikela indawo ebonakalayo. Kuyindlela yokuqinisa indawo esebenzisa imithombo yokushisa enamandla amakhulu (ilangabi legesi elivuthayo, i-arc kagesi, i-plasma arc, ukufudumeza kukagesi, ukuqhuma kwegesi, njll.) ukushisa nokuncibilikisa insimbi noma izinto ezingezona ezensimbi, futhi zifafaze indawo eyisisekelo esenziwe ngaphambili ngendlela ye-atomization ukuze yakhe i-spray coating, noma ukushisa indawo eyisisekelo ngasikhathi sinye, ukuze okokunamathela kuncibilike futhi ebusweni be-spray. i-substrate ukwenza inqubo yokuqinisa indawo yongqimba we-welding we-spray.
Izinsimbi eziningi nama-alloys azo, i-metal oxide ceramics, izinhlanganisela ze-cermet kanye nezinhlanganisela zensimbi eqinile zingambozwa phezu kwensimbi noma i-non-metal substrates ngendlela eyodwa noma eziningana zokufafaza okushisayo, ezingathuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu nokunye. izakhiwo, futhi andise impilo yesevisi. I-thermal spraying i-coating ekhethekile yokusebenza, ene-heat insulation, i-insulation (noma ugesi ongavamile), ukubekwa uphawu okugaya, ukuzigcoba, imisebe eshisayo, ukuvikela i-electromagnetic kanye nezinye izakhiwo ezikhethekile, ukusetshenziswa kokufafaza okushisayo kungalungisa izingxenye.
5. Futha upende
Ukumboza kuyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi yokulwa nokugqwala, futhi kuyimpahla enqanda ukugqwala kanye nophawu lokuhlonza emikhiqizweni yamavalvu. I-coating ibuye ibe yinto engeyona eyensimbi, evame ukwakhiwa nge-synthetic resin, i-rubber slurry, amafutha emifino, i-solvent, njll., ehlanganisa ingaphezulu lensimbi, ihlukanisa i-medium kanye nomkhathi, nokufeza inhloso yokulwa nokubola.
Izembatho zisetshenziswa kakhulu emanzini, emanzini anosawoti, emanzini olwandle, emkhathini nakwezinye izindawo ezingagqwali kakhulu. I-valve engaphakathi ivamise ukupendwa ngopende ovimbela ukubola ukuze kuvinjwe amanzi, umoya kanye neminye imidiya ukuthi ingagqwali.
6. Engeza i-corrosion inhibitors
Indlela i-corrosion inhibitors elawula ngayo ukugqwala ukuthi ikhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa kwebhethri. Ama-Corrosion inhibitors asetshenziswa kakhulu emithonjeni yezindaba kanye nama-filler. Ukwengezwa kwama-corrosion inhibitors endaweni ephakathi kunganciphisa ukugqwala kwemishini nama-valve, njengensimbi engagqwali ye-chromium-nickel ku-oxygen-free sulfuric acid, uhla olukhulu lokuncibilika endaweni yokushiswa kwesidumbu, ukugqwala kubi kakhulu, kodwa ukwengeza okuncane. inani le-copper sulfate noma i-nitric acid nezinye izinto ezisizayo, zingenza insimbi engagqwali iphenduke ibe buthuntu, ingaphezulu ifilimu evikelayo ukuvimbela ukuguguleka kwe-medium, ku-hydrochloric acid, uma inani elincane le-oxidant lingeziwe, ukugqwala kwe-titanium kungancishiswa.
Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi ye-valve kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengendawo yokuhlola ingcindezi, okulula ukubangela ukugqwala kwe-i-valve, futhi ukwengeza inani elincane le-sodium nitrite emanzini kungavimbela ukugqwala kwe-valve ngamanzi. Ukupakishwa kwe-asbestos kuqukethe i-chloride, edla isiqu se-valve kakhulu, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-chloride kungancishiswa uma kwamukelwa indlela yokugeza amanzi ashisayo, kodwa le ndlela inzima kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa, futhi ayikwazi ukuthandwa ngokujwayelekile, futhi ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ngokukhethekile. izidingo.
Ukuze kuvikelwe isiqu se-valve futhi kuvimbele ukugqwala kokupakishwa kwe-asbestos, ekupakisheni kwe-asbestos, i-corrosion inhibitor nensimbi yomhlatshelo zimbozwe esiqwini se-valve, i-corrosion inhibitor yenziwe nge-sodium nitrite ne-sodium chromate, engakhiqiza ifilimu ye-passivation ebusweni besiqu se-valve futhi ithuthukise ukumelana nokugqwala kwesiqu se-valve, futhi i-solvent ingenza i-corrosion inhibitor incibilika kancane futhi idlale indima yokugcoba; Eqinisweni, i-zinc nayo iyi-corrosion inhibitor, engaqala ihlanganiswe ne-chloride ku-asbestos, ukuze i-chloride kanye nethuba lokuxhumana lensimbi ye-stem lincishiswe kakhulu, ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokulwa nokubola.
7. Ukuvikelwa kwe-electrochemical
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuvikelwa kwe-electrochemical: ukuvikelwa kwe-anodic nokuvikelwa kwe-cathodic. Uma i-zinc isetshenziselwa ukuvikela insimbi, i-zinc igqwalile, i-zinc ibizwa ngokuthi insimbi yomhlatshelo, ekusebenzeni kokukhiqiza, ukuvikelwa kwe-anode kusetshenziswa kancane, ukuvikelwa kwe-cathodic kusetshenziswa kakhulu. Le ndlela yokuvikela i-cathodic isetshenziselwa ama-valve amakhulu nama-valve abalulekile, okuyindlela yokonga, elula futhi ephumelelayo, futhi i-zinc yengezwa ekupakisheni kwe-asbestos ukuvikela isiqu se-valve.
8. Lawula indawo edlayo
Imvelo ebizwa ngokuthi inezinhlobo ezimbili zomqondo obanzi nomqondo omncane, umqondo obanzi wemvelo ubhekisela endaweni ezungeze indawo yokufaka i-valve kanye nendawo yayo yangaphakathi yokujikeleza, futhi umuzwa omncane wemvelo ubhekisela ezimweni ezizungeze indawo yokufaka i-valve. .
Izindawo eziningi azilawuleki, futhi izinqubo zokukhiqiza azikwazi ukuguqulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kuphela esimweni lapho kungeke kube khona umonakalo emkhiqizweni nasenqubweni, indlela yokulawula imvelo ingamukelwa, njenge-deoxygenation yamanzi e-boiler, ukungezwa kwe-alkali enqubweni yokucwenga uwoyela ukulungisa inani le-PH, njll. Kusukela kulokhu umbono, ukungezwa kwe-corrosion inhibitors kanye nokuvikelwa kwe-electrochemical okukhulunywe ngenhla kuyindlela yokulawula indawo elimazayo.
Umkhathi ugcwele uthuli, umhwamuko wamanzi kanye nentuthu, ikakhulukazi endaweni yokukhiqiza, efana ne-smoke brine, amagesi anobuthi kanye nompushana okhishwa imishini, okuzodala amazinga ahlukene okugqwala kuvalvu. Umsebenzisi kufanele ahlanze futhi ahlanze ivalvu njalo futhi agcwalise amafutha njalo ngokuvumelana nezinhlinzeko zezinqubo zokusebenza, okuyisilinganiso esisebenzayo sokulawula ukugqwala kwemvelo. Ukufaka isembozo esivikelayo esiqwini se-valve, ukubeka kahle umhlabathi ku-valve yomhlabathi, nokufafaza ngopende ebusweni be-valve zonke kuyizindlela zokuvimbela izinto ezibolayo ekugugulekeni.i-valve.
Ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa elizungezile kanye nokungcoliswa komoya, ikakhulukazi kumishini namavalvu endaweni evaliwe, kuzosheshisa ukugqwala kwawo, futhi izindawo zokusebenzela ezivulekile noma izindlela zokungenisa umoya nezokupholisa kufanele zisetshenziswe ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kubambezeleke ukugqwala kwemvelo.
9. Thuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula kanye nesakhiwo se-valve
Ukuvikelwa kwe-anti-corrosion kwe-i-valvekuyinkinga ebicatshangelwa kusukela ekuqaleni komklamo, futhi umkhiqizo wevalvu onokwakheka kwesakhiwo okunengqondo kanye nendlela yenqubo elungile ngokungangabazeki uzoba nomthelela omuhle ekwehliseni ijubane ukugqwala kwevalvu. Ngakho-ke, umnyango wokuklama nokukhiqiza kufanele uthuthukise izingxenye ezingafanelekile ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo, ezingalungile ezindleleni zenqubo futhi kulula ukubangela ukugqwala, ukuze uzivumelanise nezidingo zezimo ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-22-2025
