Ukugqwala kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezibangelai-valveumonakalo. Ngakho-ke, kui-valveukuvikelwa, i-valve anti-corrosion yindaba ebalulekile okufanele icatshangelwe.
Ivalvuifomu lokugqwala
Ukugqwala kwezinsimbi kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali kanye nokugqwala kwe-electrochemical, futhi ukugqwala kwezinto ezingezona ezensimbi ngokuvamile kubangelwa izenzo zamakhemikhali nezingokwenyama eziqondile.
1. Ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali
Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi akukho okwamanje okukhiqizwayo, indawo ezungezile isabela ngokuqondile nensimbi futhi iyibhubhise, njengokugqwala kwensimbi yigesi eyomile enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa kanye nesisombululo esingenawo ugesi.
2. Ukugqwala kwe-galvanic
Insimbi ithintana ne-electrolyte, okuholela ekugelezeni kwama-electron, okuzibangela konakaliswe isenzo se-electrochemical, okuyindlela eyinhloko yokugqwala.
Ukugqwala kwesixazululo sikasawoti esisekelwe ku-asidi esivamile, ukugqwala komkhathi, ukugqwala kwenhlabathi, ukugqwala kwamanzi olwandle, ukugqwala kwe-microbial, ukugqwala kwe-pitting kanye nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali, njll., konke ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical. Ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical akwenzeki nje kuphela phakathi kwezinto ezimbili ezingadlala indima yamakhemikhali, kodwa futhi kukhiqiza umehluko ongaba khona ngenxa yomehluko wokugxiliswa kwesixazululo, umehluko wokugxiliswa komoyampilo ozungezile, umehluko omncane wesakhiwo sento, njll., futhi ithola amandla okugqwala, ukuze insimbi enamandla aphansi kanye nendawo yepuleti lelanga elomile ilahleke.
Izinga lokugqwala kwevalvu
Izinga lokugqwala lingahlukaniswa ngamabanga ayisithupha:
(1) Imelana nokugqwala ngokuphelele: izinga lokugqwala lingaphansi kuka-0.001 mm/ngonyaka
(2) Imelana nokugqwala ngokwedlulele: izinga lokugqwala 0.001 kuya ku-0.01 mm/ngonyaka
(3) Ukumelana nokugqwala: izinga lokugqwala 0.01 kuya ku-0.1 mm/ngonyaka
(4) Imelana nokugqwala: izinga lokugqwala 0.1 kuya ku-1.0 mm/ngonyaka
(5) Ukumelana nokugqwala okungalungile: izinga lokugqwala 1.0 kuya ku-10 mm/ngonyaka
(6) Ayimelani nokugqwala: izinga lokugqwala likhulu kuno-10 mm/ngonyaka
Izinyathelo eziyisishiyagalolunye zokunqanda ukugqwala
1. Khetha izinto ezimelana nokugqwala ngokuya ngendlela eyenza ukugqwala
Ekukhiqizeni kwangempela, ukugqwala kwe-medium kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngisho noma impahla ye-valve esetshenziswe endaweni efanayo iyafana, ukugxila, izinga lokushisa nokucindezela okuphakathi kuhlukile, futhi ukugqwala kwe-medium kuya kwento akufani. Njalo ngo-10°C ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo, izinga lokugqwala likhuphuka cishe izikhathi ezi-1–3.
Ukugxila okuphakathi kunethonya elikhulu ekugxumeni kwezinto ze-valve, njengokuhola ku-sulfuric acid ene-concentration encane, ukugqwala kuncane kakhulu, futhi lapho ukugxila kudlula i-96%, ukugqwala kuphakama kakhulu. I-Carbon steel, ngokuphambene nalokho, inokugqwala okubi kakhulu lapho ukuhlushwa kwe-sulfuric acid cishe ku-50%, futhi lapho ukuhlushwa kukhula kuya ngaphezu kuka-60%, ukugqwala kwehla kakhulu. Isibonelo, i-aluminiyamu igqwala kakhulu ku-nitric acid egxilile ene-concentration engaphezu kuka-80%, kodwa igqwala kakhulu ekugxiliseni okuphakathi nendawo okuphansi kwe-nitric acid, futhi insimbi engagqwali imelana kakhulu nokuhlanjululwa kwe-nitric acid, kodwa iba kubi nge-nitric acid egxilile engaphezu kuka-95%.
Kusukela kulezi zibonelo ezingenhla, kungabonakala ukuthi ukukhethwa okufanele kwezinto ze-valve kufanele kusekelwe esimweni esithile, kuhlaziye izici ezihlukahlukene ezithinta ukugqwala, bese ukhetha izinto ezisetshenziswayo ngokuvumelana nezincwadi ezifanele zokulwa nokugqwala.
2. Sebenzisa izinto ezingezona ezensimbi
Ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-non-metallic kuhle kakhulu, inqobo nje uma izinga lokushisa nokucindezela kwe-valve kuhlangabezana nezidingo zezinto ezingezona ezensimbi, akukwazi nje ukuxazulula inkinga yokugqwala, kodwa futhi kusindisa izinsimbi eziyigugu. Umzimba we-valve, ibhonethi, ulwelwesi, indawo yokuvala nezinye izinto ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezingezona ezensimbi zenziwe.
Amapulasitiki afana ne-PTFE kanye ne-chlorinated polyether, kanye nerabha yemvelo, i-neoprene, irabha ye-nitrile namanye ama-rubber asetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwe-valve, futhi umzimba oyinhloko webhonethi yomzimba we-valve wenziwe ngensimbi ekhonjiwe ne-carbon steel. Ayiqinisekisi kuphela amandla e-valve, kodwa futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi i-valve ayigqwali.
Namuhla, kuyasetshenziswa amapulasitiki amaningi njengenayiloni ne-PTFE, futhi irabha yemvelo nerabha yokwenziwa isetshenziselwa ukwenza izindawo zokuvala ezihlukahlukene nezindandatho zokuvala, ezisetshenziswa kumavalvu ahlukahlukene. Lezi zinto ezingezona ezensimbi ezisetshenziswa njengezindawo zokuvala azigcini nje ngokumelana nokugqwala okuhle, kodwa futhi zinokusebenza okuhle kokuvala, okufanele ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa emithonjeni yezindaba enezinhlayiya. Yiqiniso, anamandla amancane futhi aphikisana nokushisa, futhi ububanzi bezicelo bunqunyelwe.
3. Ukwelashwa kwendawo yensimbi
(1) Uxhumo lwevalvu: Umnenke oxhunywe yisivalo ngokuvamile uphathwa ngokufaka i-galvanizing, i-chrome plating, kanye ne-oxidation (eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhono lokumelana nokugqwala komkhathi nokuphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalezi zindlela ezibalwe ngenhla, ezinye izinto zokubopha nazo ziphathwa ngokwelashwa okungaphezulu okufana ne-phosphating ngokuya ngesimo.
(2) Indawo yokuvala nezingxenye ezivaliwe ezinobubanzi obuncane: izinqubo zangaphezulu ezifana ne-nitriding ne-boronizing zisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala nokumelana nokuguga.
(3) I-Stem anti-corrosion: i-nitriding, i-boronization, i-chrome plating, i-nickel plating nezinye izinqubo zokwelashwa kwendawo zisetshenziswa kabanzi ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokumelana nemihuzuko.
Izindlela zokwelapha ezihlukene kufanele zifanele izinto ezihlukene ze-stem kanye nezindawo zokusebenza, emkhathini, umhwamuko wamanzi kanye ne-asbestos ukupakisha isiqu sokuxhumana, ungasebenzisa i-hard chrome plating, inqubo ye-nitriding yegesi (insimbi engagqwali akufanele isebenzise inqubo ye-ion nitriding): endaweni yomoya ye-hydrogen sulfide isebenzisa i-electroplating high phosphorus nickel coating; I-38CrMOAIA futhi ingamelana nokugqwala nge-ion kanye ne-gas nitriding, kodwa ukufakwa kwe-chrome eqinile akufanelekile ukusetshenziswa; I-2Cr13 ingamelana nokugqwala kwe-ammonia ngemva kokucisha kanye nokushisa, futhi insimbi ye-carbon esebenzisa i-nitriding yegesi ingaphinda imelane nokugqwala kwe-ammonia, kuyilapho zonke izendlalelo ze-phosphorus-nickel plating zingamelani nokugqwala kwe-ammonia, kanye negesi nitriding 38CrMOAIA inomphumela omuhle kakhulu wokugqwala osetshenziswa kakhulu futhi iwenza ivalwe kahle kakhulu ukugqwala.
(4) I-valve yezinga elincane kanye nesondo lesandla: Ivamise ukugqitshwa nge-chrome ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqwala nokuhlobisa ivalvu.
4. Ukufafaza okushisayo
Ukufafaza okushisayo kuwuhlobo lwenqubo yenqubo yokulungisa ama-coatings, futhi sekube ngobunye bobuchwepheshe obusha bokuvikela indawo ebonakalayo. Kuyindlela yokuqinisa indawo esebenzisa imithombo yokushisa enamandla amakhulu (ilangabi lokuvutha kwegesi, i-arc kagesi, i-plasma arc, ukufudumeza kukagesi, ukuqhuma kwegesi, njll.) ukushisa nokuncibilikisa insimbi noma izinto ezingezona ezensimbi, futhi zifafaze endaweni eyisisekelo efakwe ngaphambili ngendlela ye-atomization ukuze kwakhiwe isifutho se-spray, noma ukushisa okufanayo endaweni epholile ukuze indawo epholile iphinde iqhume. i-substrate ukwenza inqubo yokuqinisa indawo yongqimba we-welding we-spray.
Izinsimbi eziningi nama-alloys azo, i-metal oxide ceramics, izinhlanganisela ze-cermet kanye nezinhlanganisela zensimbi eqinile zingambozwa kuma-substrates ensimbi noma angewona ezensimbi ngendlela eyodwa noma eziningana ezishisayo zokufafaza, ezingathuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu nezinye izakhiwo, futhi kwandise impilo yenkonzo. I-thermal spraying i-coating ekhethekile yokusebenza, ene-heat insulation, i-insulation (noma ugesi ongavamile), ukubekwa uphawu okugaya, ukuzigcoba, imisebe eshisayo, ukuvikela i-electromagnetic kanye nezinye izakhiwo ezikhethekile, ukusetshenziswa kokufafaza okushisayo kungalungisa izingxenye.
5. Futha upende
Ukumboza kuyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi yokulwa nokugqwala, futhi kuyimpahla enqanda ukugqwala kanye nophawu lokuhlonza emikhiqizweni yamavalvu. I-coating ibuye ibe yinto engeyona eyensimbi, evame ukwakhiwa nge-synthetic resin, i-rubber slurry, amafutha emifino, i-solvent, njll., ehlanganisa ingaphezulu lensimbi, ihlukanisa i-medium kanye nomkhathi, nokufeza inhloso yokulwa nokubola.
Izembatho zisetshenziswa kakhulu emanzini, emanzini anosawoti, emanzini olwandle, emkhathini nakwezinye izindawo ezingagqwali kakhulu. I-valve engaphakathi ivamise ukupendwa ngopende ovimbela ukubola ukuze kuvinjwe amanzi, umoya kanye neminye imidiya ukuthi ingagqwali.
6. Engeza i-corrosion inhibitors
Indlela i-corrosion inhibitors elawula ngayo ukugqwala ukuthi ikhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa kwebhethri. Ama-Corrosion inhibitors asetshenziswa kakhulu emithonjeni yezindaba kanye nama-filler. Ukwengezwa kwama-corrosion inhibitors endaweni ephakathi kunganciphisa ukugqwala kwemishini namavalvu, njengensimbi engagqwali ye-chromium-nickel ku-oxygen-free sulfuric acid, uhla olukhulu lokuncibilika lube esimweni sokushiswa kwesidumbu, ukugqwala kubi kakhulu, kodwa ukwengeza inani elincane le-copper sulfate noma i-nitric acid kanye nokunye kungenza i-oxidant yensimbi ibe yinsimbi engenasici. ifilimu evikelayo ukuvimbela ukuguguleka kwe-medium, ku-hydrochloric acid, uma inani elincane le-oxidant lingeziwe, ukugqwala kwe-titanium kungancishiswa.
Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi ye-valve kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengendawo yokuhlola ingcindezi, okulula ukubangela ukugqwala kwe-i-valve, futhi ukwengeza inani elincane le-sodium nitrite emanzini kungavimbela ukugqwala kwe-valve ngamanzi. Ukupakishwa kwe-asbestos kuqukethe i-chloride, edla isiqu se-valve kakhulu, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-chloride kungancishiswa uma kwamukelwa indlela yokugeza amanzi ashisayo, kodwa le ndlela inzima kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa, futhi ayikwazi ukuthandwa ngokujwayelekile, futhi ifanelekela izidingo ezikhethekile kuphela.
Ukuze kuvikelwe isiqu se-valve futhi kuvimbele ukugqwala kokupakishwa kwe-asbestos, ekupakisheni kwe-asbestos, i-corrosion inhibitor nensimbi yomhlatshelo zimbozwe esiqwini se-valve, i-corrosion inhibitor yenziwe nge-sodium nitrite ne-sodium chromate, engakwazi ukukhiqiza ifilimu yokudlula phezu kwe-valve, ikwazi ukwenza i-stem corrosion futhi ixazulule i-valve. i-corrosion inhibitor iyancibilika kancane futhi idlale indima yokugcoba; Eqinisweni, i-zinc nayo iyi-corrosion inhibitor, engaqala ihlanganiswe ne-chloride ku-asbestos, ukuze i-chloride kanye nethuba lokuxhumana lensimbi ye-stem lincishiswe kakhulu, ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokulwa nokubola.
7. Ukuvikelwa kwe-electrochemical
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuvikelwa kwe-electrochemical: ukuvikelwa kwe-anodic nokuvikelwa kwe-cathodic. Uma i-zinc isetshenziselwa ukuvikela insimbi, i-zinc igqwalile, i-zinc ibizwa ngokuthi insimbi yomhlatshelo, ekusebenzeni kokukhiqiza, ukuvikelwa kwe-anode kusetshenziswa kancane, ukuvikelwa kwe-cathodic kusetshenziswa kakhulu. Le ndlela yokuvikela i-cathodic isetshenziselwa ama-valve amakhulu nama-valve abalulekile, okuyindlela yokonga, elula futhi ephumelelayo, futhi i-zinc yengezwa ekupakisheni kwe-asbestos ukuvikela isiqu se-valve.
8. Lawula indawo edlayo
Imvelo ebizwa ngokuthi inezinhlobo ezimbili zomqondo obanzi nomqondo omncane, umqondo obanzi wendawo ubhekisela endaweni ezungeze indawo yokufaka i-valve kanye nendawo yayo yangaphakathi yokuhamba, futhi umuzwa wemvelo omncane ubhekisela ezimweni ezizungeze indawo yokufaka i-valve.
Iningi lezindawo azilawuleki, futhi izinqubo zokukhiqiza azikwazi ukushintshwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kuphela esimweni lapho kungeke kube khona umonakalo kumkhiqizo kanye nenqubo, indlela yokulawula imvelo ingamukelwa, njenge-deoxygenation yamanzi e-boiler, ukufakwa kwe-alkali enqubweni yokucwenga uwoyela ukuze kulungiswe inani le-PH, njll. Kusukela kuleli phuzu lokubuka, ukungezwa kwe-corrosion inhibitors nokuvikelwa kwe-electrochemical okukhulunywe ngenhla futhi kuyindlela yokulawula indawo elimazayo.
Umkhathi ugcwele uthuli, umhwamuko wamanzi kanye nentuthu, ikakhulukazi endaweni yokukhiqiza, efana ne-smoke brine, amagesi anobuthi kanye nompushana okhishwa imishini, okuzodala amazinga ahlukene okugqwala kuvalvu. Umsebenzisi kufanele ahlanze futhi ahlanze ivalvu njalo futhi agcwalise amafutha njalo ngokuvumelana nezinhlinzeko zezinqubo zokusebenza, okuyisilinganiso esisebenzayo sokulawula ukugqwala kwemvelo. Ukufaka isembozo sokuzivikela esiqwini se-valve, ukubeka kahle umhlabathi ku-valve yomhlabathi, kanye nokufafaza upende ebusweni be-valve kuyizindlela zokuvimbela izinto ezibolayo ekugugulekeni.i-valve.
Ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa elizungezile kanye nokungcoliswa komoya, ikakhulukazi kumishini namavalvu endaweni evaliwe, kuzosheshisa ukugqwala kwawo, futhi izindawo zokusebenzela ezivulekile noma izindlela zokungenisa umoya nezokupholisa kufanele zisetshenziswe ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kubambezeleke ukugqwala kwemvelo.
9. Thuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula kanye nesakhiwo se-valve
Ukuvikelwa kwe-anti-corrosion kwe-i-valvekuyinkinga ebicatshangelwa kusukela ekuqaleni komklamo, futhi umkhiqizo wevalvu onokwakheka kwesakhiwo okunengqondo kanye nendlela yenqubo elungile ngokungangabazeki uzoba nomthelela omuhle ekwehliseni ijubane ukugqwala kwevalvu. Ngakho-ke, umnyango wokuklama nokukhiqiza kufanele uthuthukise izingxenye ezingafanelekile ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo, ezingalungile ezindleleni zenqubo futhi kulula ukubangela ukugqwala, ukuze uzivumelanise nezidingo zezimo ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-22-2025
