Ukugqwala kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezibangelaivalvuumonakalo. Ngakho-ke, kuivalvuukuvikelwa, i-valve yokulwa nokugqwala kuyindaba ebalulekile okufanele icatshangelwe.
Ivalvuifomu lokugqwala
Ukugqwala kwezinsimbi kubangelwa kakhulu ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali kanye nokugqwala kwe-electrochemical, kanti ukugqwala kwezinto ezingezona ezensimbi ngokuvamile kubangelwa yizenzo zamakhemikhali nezomzimba eziqondile.
1. Ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali
Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi akukho mshini wamandla okhiqizwayo, indawo ezungezile isabela ngqo nensimbi bese iyibhubhisa, njengokugqwala kwensimbi yigesi eyomile eshisa kakhulu kanye nesisombululo esingeyona i-electrolytic.
2. Ukugqwala kwe-galvanic
Insimbi ithintana ne-electrolyte, okuholela ekugelezeni kwama-electron, okubangela ukuthi yonakaliswe yisenzo se-electrochemical, okuwuhlobo oluyinhloko lokugqwala.
Ukugqwala kwesisombululo sikasawoti esisekelwe ku-acid, ukugqwala komoya, ukugqwala kwenhlabathi, ukugqwala kwamanzi olwandle, ukugqwala kwamagciwane, ukugqwala kwemigodi kanye nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali, njll., konke lokhu kugqwala kwe-electrochemical. Ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical akwenzeki nje kuphela phakathi kwezinto ezimbili ezingadlala indima yamakhemikhali, kodwa futhi kuveza umehluko ongaba khona ngenxa yomehluko wokuhlushwa kwesisombululo, umehluko wokuhlushwa kwe-oxygen ezungezile, umehluko omncane esakhiweni sento, njll., futhi kuthola amandla okugqwala, ukuze insimbi enamandla aphansi kanye nendawo yepuleti yelanga elomile ilahleke.
Izinga lokugqwala kwevalvu
Izinga lokugqwala lingahlukaniswa ngamagremu ayisithupha:
(1) Ayimelani nokugqwala ngokuphelele: izinga lokugqwala lingaphansi kuka-0.001 mm ngonyaka
(2) Imelana nokugqwala kakhulu: izinga lokugqwala lisuka ku-0.001 kuya ku-0.01 mm/ngonyaka
(3) Ukumelana nokugqwala: izinga lokugqwala 0.01 kuya ku-0.1 mm/ngonyaka
(4) Imelana nokugqwala okungaguquki: izinga lokugqwala lisuka ku-0.1 kuya ku-1.0 mm ngonyaka
(5) Ukumelana nokugqwala okubi: izinga lokugqwala liyi-1.0 kuya ku-10 mm ngonyaka
(6) Ayimelani nokugqwala: izinga lokugqwala lingaphezu kuka-10 mm ngonyaka
Izinyathelo eziyisishiyagalolunye zokulwa nokugqwala
1. Khetha izinto ezingamelani nokugqwala ngokwendlela yokuxhumana egqwala
Ekukhiqizweni kwangempela, ukugqwala kwe-medium kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, noma ngabe izinto ze-valve ezisetshenziswa ku-medium efanayo ziyafana, ukuhlushwa, izinga lokushisa kanye nengcindezi ye-medium kuhlukile, futhi ukugqwala kwe-medium kuya kwento akufani. Ngokukhuphuka ngakunye kwama-10°C ekushiseni okuphakathi, izinga lokugqwala liyanda cishe izikhathi ezingu-1 ~ 3.
Ukuhlushwa okuphakathi kunethonya elikhulu ekugqwaleni kwezinto ze-valve, njengokuthi i-lead iku-sulfuric acid enomthamo omncane, ukugqwala kuncane kakhulu, futhi lapho ukuhlushwa kudlula u-96%, ukugqwala kukhuphuka kakhulu. Insimbi yekhabhoni, ngokuphambene nalokho, inomgqabo omkhulu kakhulu lapho ukuhlushwa kwe-sulfuric acid kungama-50%, futhi lapho ukuhlushwa kukhuphuka kufika ngaphezu kuka-60%, ukugqwala kwehla kakhulu. Isibonelo, i-aluminium iyagqwala kakhulu ku-nitric acid egxilile enomthamo ongaphezu kuka-80%, kodwa iyagqwala kakhulu ekuhlushweni okuphakathi nokuphansi kwe-nitric acid, futhi insimbi engagqwali imelana kakhulu nokunciphisa i-nitric acid, kodwa iyagqwala kakhulu ku-nitric acid egxilile engaphezu kuka-95%.
Kusukela ezibonelweni ezingenhla, kungabonakala ukuthi ukukhethwa okufanele kwezinto zamavalvu kufanele kusekelwe esimweni esithile, kuhlaziywe izici ezahlukahlukene ezithinta ukugqwala, bese kukhethwa izinto ngokuya ngezincwadi ezifanele zokulwa nokugqwala.
2. Sebenzisa izinto ezingezona ezensimbi
Ukumelana nokugqwala okungeyona insimbi kuhle kakhulu, uma nje izinga lokushisa kanye nengcindezi yevalvu kuhlangabezana nezidingo zezinto ezingeyona insimbi, ngeke nje kuphela kuxazulule inkinga yokugqwala, kodwa futhi kusindise izinsimbi eziyigugu. Umzimba wevalvu, ibhonethi, ulwelwesi, indawo yokuvala kanye nezinye izinto ezingeyona insimbi ezisetshenziswa njalo zenziwa.
Amapulasitiki afana ne-PTFE kanye ne-polyether e-chlorine, kanye nerabha yemvelo, i-neoprene, irabha ye-nitrile kanye namanye amarabha asetshenziselwa ulwelwesi lwama-valve, kanti umzimba oyinhloko webhonethi yomzimba we-valve wenziwe ngensimbi ephothiweyo kanye nensimbi yekhabhoni. Akugcini nje ngokuqinisekisa amandla e-valve, kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-valve ayigqwali.
Kulezi zinsuku, kusetshenziswa amapulasitiki amaningi njenge-nylon ne-PTFE, kanti irabha yemvelo kanye nerabha yokwenziwa isetshenziswa ukwenza izindawo zokuvala ezahlukahlukene kanye namasongo okuvala, asetshenziswa kuma-valve ahlukahlukene. Lezi zinto ezingezona ezensimbi ezisetshenziswa njengezindawo zokuvala azigcini nje ngokuba nokumelana okuhle nokugqwala, kodwa futhi zisebenza kahle ekuvaleni, okulungele ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ezinkundleni ezinezinhlayiya. Yiqiniso, azinamandla kakhulu futhi azimelani nokushisa, futhi ububanzi bezicelo bulinganiselwe.
3. Ukwelashwa kobuso bensimbi
(1) Ukuxhumeka kwevalvu: I-snail yokuxhumeka kwevalvu ivame ukuphathwa nge-galvanizing, i-chrome plating, kanye ne-oxidation (eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokumelana nokugqwala komoya kanye nokuphakathi. Ngaphezu kwezindlela ezishiwo ngenhla, ezinye izinamathiseli nazo ziphathwa ngokwelashwa kwendawo efana ne-phosphating ngokwesimo.
(2) Ukuvala ubuso nezingxenye ezivaliwe ezinobubanzi obuncane: izinqubo zobuso ezifana nokufaka i-nitriding kanye ne-boronizing zisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka.
(3) I-Stem anti-corrosion: i-nitriding, i-boronization, i-chrome plating, i-nickel plating kanye nezinye izinqubo zokwelapha ubuso zisetshenziswa kabanzi ukuthuthukisa ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokumelana nokuklwebheka.
Ukwelashwa okuhlukile kobuso kufanele kufane nezinto zokwakha isiqu ezahlukene kanye nezindawo zokusebenza, emoyeni, i-water vapor medium kanye ne-asbestos packing contact stem, kungasebenzisa i-hard chrome plating, inqubo ye-gas nitriding (insimbi engagqwali akufanele isebenzise inqubo ye-ion nitriding): endaweni ezungezile esebenzisa i-electroplating, i-phosphorus ephezulu ye-nickel coating inokusebenza okungcono kokuvikela; i-38CrMOAIA ingamelana nokugqwala yi-ion ne-gas nitriding, kodwa i-hard chrome coating ayifanele ukusetshenziswa; i-2Cr13 ingamelana nokugqwala kwe-ammonia ngemva kokucima nokushisa, kanti insimbi yekhabhoni esebenzisa i-gas nitriding nayo ingamelana nokugqwala kwe-ammonia, kuyilapho zonke izendlalelo ze-phosphorus-nickel plating zingamelani nokugqwala kwe-ammonia, kanti i-gas nitriding 38CrMOAIA impahla inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala nokusebenza okuphelele, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza iziqu ze-valve.
(4) Umzimba wevalvu encane kanye nesondo lesandla: Ivame futhi ukufakwa nge-chrome ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala nokuhlobisa ivalvu.
4. Ukufutha ngokushisa
Ukufutha ngokushisa kuyindlela yenqubo yokulungiselela ukumbozwa, futhi sekungenye yezindlela ezintsha zokuvikela ubuso bezinto ezibonakalayo. Kuyindlela yenqubo yokuqinisa ubuso esebenzisa imithombo yokushisa enamandla aphezulu (ilangabi lokushiswa kwegesi, i-arc kagesi, i-arc ye-plasma, ukufudumeza ngogesi, ukuqhuma kwegesi, njll.) ukushisa nokuncibilikisa insimbi noma izinto ezingezona ezensimbi, bese uzifutha ebusweni obuyisisekelo obulungisiwe ngaphambilini ngendlela ye-atomization ukwakha ungqimba lokufutha, noma ukushisa ubuso obuyisisekelo ngasikhathi sinye, ukuze ungqimba luphinde luncibilike ebusweni be-substrate ukuze kwakheke inqubo yokuqinisa ubuso bengqimba yokufutha ngokufutha.
Iningi lezinsimbi kanye nama-alloy azo, i-metal oxide ceramics, i-cermet composites kanye nama-hard metal compounds kungagqokwa ezisekelweni zensimbi noma ezingezona ezensimbi ngendlela eyodwa noma eziningana zokufutha ngokushisa, ezingathuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwendawo, ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nezinye izakhiwo, futhi zandise impilo yesevisi. Ukufutha ngokushisa kusetshenziswa i-coating ekhethekile esebenzayo, ene-heat insulation, i-insulation (noma ugesi ongajwayelekile), ukuvala okugayiwe, ukuzigcoba, imisebe yokushisa, ukuvikela ngogesi kanye nezinye izakhiwo ezikhethekile, ukusetshenziswa kokufutha ngokushisa kungalungisa izingxenye.
5. Upende wokufafaza
Ukugqoka kuyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi yokulwa nokugqwala, futhi kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu yokulwa nokugqwala kanye nophawu lokuhlonza emikhiqizweni yamavalvu. Ukugqoka futhi kuyinto engeyona eyensimbi, evame ukwenziwa nge-resin yokwenziwa, i-rubber slurry, uwoyela wemifino, i-solvent, njll., emboza ubuso bensimbi, ihlukanise indawo kanye nomoya, futhi ifeze injongo yokulwa nokugqwala.
Izimbozo zisetshenziswa kakhulu emanzini, emanzini anosawoti, emanzini olwandle, emoyeni nakwezinye izindawo ezingagqwali kakhulu. Ingaphakathi levalvu livame ukupendwa ngopende ovimbela ukugqwala ukuvimbela amanzi, umoya kanye nezinye izinto ukuthi zingagqwali ivalvu.
6. Engeza izithibi zokugqwala
Indlela ama-corrosion inhibitors alawula ngayo ukugqwala ukuthi ikhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa kwebhethri. Ama-corrosion inhibitors asetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-media kanye nama-filler. Ukwengezwa kwama-corrosion inhibitors ku-medium kunganciphisa ukugqwala kwemishini nama-valve, njengensimbi engagqwali ye-chromium-nickel ku-sulfuric acid engenawo umoya-mpilo, ububanzi obukhulu bokuncibilika bube yisimo sokushiswa, ukugqwala kubi kakhulu, kodwa ukwengeza inani elincane le-copper sulfate noma i-nitric acid kanye nezinye ama-oxidant, kungenza insimbi engagqwali iphenduke isimo esibuthuntu, ubuso befilimu evikelayo ukuvimbela ukugqwala kwe-medium, ku-hydrochloric acid, uma kungezwa inani elincane le-oxidant, ukugqwala kwe-titanium kungancishiswa.
Ukuhlolwa kokucindezela kwevalvu kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengendlela yokuhlola ukucindezela, okulula ukubangela ukugqwala kwe-ivalvu, kanye nokwengeza inani elincane le-sodium nitrite emanzini kungavimbela ukugqwala kwevalvu ngamanzi. Ukupakisha i-asbestos kuqukethe i-chloride, egqwala kakhulu isiqu sevalvu, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-chloride kungancishiswa uma kusetshenziswa indlela yokuwasha ngamanzi anomusi, kodwa le ndlela kunzima kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa, futhi ayikwazi ukuthandwa ngokuvamile, futhi ifanele izidingo ezikhethekile kuphela.
Ukuze kuvikelwe isiqu se-valve futhi kuvinjelwe ukugqwala kokupakisha kwe-asbestos, ekupakisheni kwe-asbestos, i-corrosion inhibitor kanye nensimbi yomhlatshelo zimbozwe esiqwini se-valve, i-corrosion inhibitor yakhiwe yi-sodium nitrite kanye ne-sodium chromate, engakhiqiza ifilimu yokuphambuka ebusweni besiqu se-valve futhi ithuthukise ukumelana nokugqwala kwesiqu se-valve, futhi i-solvent ingenza i-corrosion inhibitor incibilike kancane futhi idlale indima yokugcoba; Eqinisweni, i-zinc nayo iyi-corrosion inhibitor, engahlangana kuqala ne-chloride ku-asbestos, ukuze ithuba lokuxhumana kwe-chloride kanye ne-stem metal linciphe kakhulu, ukuze kufezwe injongo yokulwa nokugqwala.
7. Ukuvikelwa kwe-electrochemical
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuvikela nge-electrochemical: ukuvikela nge-anodic kanye nokuvikela nge-cathodic. Uma i-zinc isetshenziswa ukuvikela insimbi, i-zinc igqwala, i-zinc ibizwa ngokuthi insimbi yomhlatshelo, ekukhiqizeni, ukuvikela nge-anode kusetshenziswa kancane, ukuvikela nge-cathodic kusetshenziswa kakhulu. Le ndlela yokuvikela nge-cathodic isetshenziselwa ama-valve amakhulu nama-valve abalulekile, okuyindlela engabizi, elula futhi ephumelelayo, kanti i-zinc ifakwa ekupakisheni kwe-asbestos ukuvikela isiqu se-valve.
8. Lawula indawo egqwalisayo
Indawo ebizwa ngokuthi imvelo inezinhlobo ezimbili zomqondo obanzi kanye nomqondo omncane, umqondo obanzi wendawo ubhekisela endaweni ezungeze indawo yokufaka ivalvu kanye nendawo yayo yokujikeleza kwangaphakathi, kanti umqondo omncane wendawo ubhekisela ezimweni ezizungeze indawo yokufaka ivalvu.
Izindawo eziningi azilawuleki, futhi izinqubo zokukhiqiza azikwazi ukushintshwa ngokungenanjongo. Kuphela uma kungeke kube nomonakalo kumkhiqizo kanye nenqubo, indlela yokulawula imvelo ingasetshenziswa, njengokukhipha umoya-mpilo emanzini ebhoyila, ukwengeza i-alkali enkambisweni yokucwenga uwoyela ukuze kulungiswe inani le-PH, njll. Kusukela kulo mbono, ukwengeza izithibi zokugqwala kanye nokuvikelwa kwe-electrochemical okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla nakho kuyindlela yokulawula imvelo egqwalayo.
Umkhathi ugcwele uthuli, umhwamuko wamanzi kanye nentuthu, ikakhulukazi endaweni yokukhiqiza, njenge-smoke brine, amagesi anobuthi kanye nempuphu ecolekileyo ekhishwa imishini, okuzobangela amazinga ahlukahlukene okugqwala ku-valve. Umqhubi kufanele ahlanze futhi ahlanze i-valve futhi agcwalise uphethiloli njalo ngokwemigomo yezinqubo zokusebenza, okuyisinyathelo esisebenzayo sokulawula ukugqwala kwemvelo. Ukufaka isembozo esivikelayo esiqwini se-valve, ukubeka umthombo ophansi ku-valve ephansi, kanye nokupenda okufafazwayo ebusweni be-valve kuyizindlela zokuvimbela izinto ezigqwalisayo ukuthi zingagugiivalvu.
Ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa elizungezile kanye nokungcola komoya, ikakhulukazi imishini nama-valve endaweni evaliwe, kuzosheshisa ukugqwala kwawo, futhi izindawo zokusebenzela ezivulekile noma izindlela zokungenisa umoya nokupholisa kufanele zisetshenziswe ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuncishiswe ukugqwala kwemvelo.
9. Thuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula kanye nesakhiwo se-valve
Ukuvikelwa kokungagqwali kweivalvuKuyinkinga ebilokhu icatshangwa kusukela ekuqaleni komklamo, futhi umkhiqizo we-valve onomklamo wesakhiwo ofanele kanye nendlela yenqubo efanele ngokungangabazeki uzoba nomthelela omuhle ekunciphiseni ukugqwala kwe-valve. Ngakho-ke, umnyango wokuklama nokukhiqiza kufanele uthuthukise izingxenye ezingalungile ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo, ezingalungile ezindleleni zenqubo futhi okulula ukuzibangela ukugqwala, ukuze uzivumelanise nezidingo zezimo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-22-2025
